Soni Ritu, Mathur Kirti, Shah Jigna
Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India.
Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India.
Ageing Res Rev. 2024 Feb;94:102208. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102208. Epub 2024 Jan 29.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that deals with dopaminergic deficiency in Substantia nigra pars compact (SNpc) region of the brain. Dopaminergic deficiency manifests into motor dysfunction. Alpha-synuclein protein aggregation is the source for inception of the pathology. Motor symptoms include rigidity, akinesia, tremor and gait dysfunction. Pre-motor symptoms are also seen in early stage of the disease; however, they are not distinguishable. Lack of early diagnosis in PD pathology poses a major challenge for development of disease modifying therapeutics. Substantial neuronal loss has already been occurred before the clinical manifestations appear and hence, it becomes impossible to halt the disease progression. Current diagnostics are majorly based on the clinical symptoms and thus fail to detect early progression of the disease. Thus, there is need for early diagnosis of PD, for detection of the disease at its inception. This will facilitate the effective use of therapies that halt the progression and will make remission possible. Many novel biomarkers are being developed that include blood-based biomarker, CSF biomarker. Other than that, there are non-invasive techniques that can detect biomarkers. We aim to discuss potential role of these new age biomarkers and their association with PD pathogenesis in this review.
帕金森病（PD）是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，涉及大脑黑质致密部（SNpc）区域的多巴胺能缺乏。多巴胺能缺乏表现为运动功能障碍。α-突触核蛋白的蛋白质聚集是该病理过程起始的根源。运动症状包括僵硬、运动迟缓、震颤和步态功能障碍。在疾病早期也会出现运动前症状；然而，它们难以区分。帕金森病病理过程中缺乏早期诊断对疾病修饰疗法的开发构成了重大挑战。在临床表现出现之前，大量神经元已经发生丢失，因此，阻止疾病进展变得不可能。目前的诊断主要基于临床症状，因此无法检测到疾病的早期进展。因此，需要对帕金森病进行早期诊断，以便在疾病起始时就检测到它。这将有助于有效使用能够阻止疾病进展并实现缓解的疗法。目前正在开发许多新型生物标志物，包括基于血液的生物标志物、脑脊液生物标志物。除此之外，还有能够检测生物标志物的非侵入性技术。在本综述中，我们旨在讨论这些新时代生物标志物的潜在作用及其与帕金森病发病机制的关联。
