Rolon M Laura, Voloshchuk Olena, Bartlett Katelyn V, LaBorde Luke F, Kovac Jasna
Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
One Health Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Biofilm. 2024 Jan 14;7:100177. doi: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100177. eCollection 2024 Jun.
may survive and persist in food processing environments due to formation of complex multi-species biofilms of environmental microbiota that co-exists in these environments. This study aimed to determine the effect of selected environmental microbiota on biofilm formation and tolerance of to benzalkonium chloride in formed biofilms. The studied microbiota included bacterial families previously shown to co-occur with in tree fruit packing facilities, including , and Biofilm formation ability and the effect of formed biofilms on the tolerance of to benzalkonium chloride was measured in single- and multi-family assemblages. Biofilms were grown statically on polystyrene pegs submerged in a R2A broth. Biofilm formation was quantified using a crystal violet assay, spread-plating, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and its composition was assessed using amplicon sequencing. The concentration of in biofilms was determined using the most probable number method. Biofilms were exposed to the sanitizer benzalkonium chloride, and the death kinetics of were quantified using a most probable number method. A total of 8, 8, 6, and 3 strains of , and , respectively, were isolated from the environmental microbiota of tree fruit packing facilities and were used in this study. Biofilms formed by , and all multi-family assemblages had significantly higher concentration of bacteria, as well as compared to biofilms formed by alone. Furthermore, multi-family assemblage biofilms increased the tolerance of to benzalkonium chloride compared to mono-species biofilms and planktonic multi-family assemblages. These findings suggest that control strategies should focus not only on assessing the efficacy of sanitizers against but also against biofilm-forming microorganisms that reside in the food processing built environment, such as or .
由于环境微生物群形成复杂的多物种生物膜并共存于食品加工环境中，[具体微生物名称]可能在这些环境中存活并持续存在。本研究旨在确定所选环境微生物群对生物膜形成的影响以及对已形成生物膜中苯扎氯铵的耐受性。所研究的微生物群包括先前已证明在树果包装设施中与[具体微生物名称]共同出现的细菌科，包括[细菌科名称1]、[细菌科名称2]和[细菌科名称3]。在单一家族组合和多家族组合中测量了生物膜形成能力以及已形成生物膜对[具体微生物名称]对苯扎氯铵耐受性的影响。生物膜在浸没于R2A肉汤中的聚苯乙烯柱上静态生长。使用结晶紫测定法、平板涂布法、共聚焦激光扫描显微镜对生物膜形成进行定量，并使用扩增子测序评估其组成。使用最可能数法测定生物膜中[具体微生物名称]的浓度。将生物膜暴露于消毒剂苯扎氯铵，并使用最可能数法对[具体微生物名称]的死亡动力学进行定量。分别从树果包装设施的环境微生物群中分离出总共8株、8株、6株和3株[具体微生物名称1]、[具体微生物名称2]、[具体微生物名称3]和[具体微生物名称4]，并用于本研究。与单独由[具体微生物名称1]形成的生物膜相比，由[具体微生物名称2]、[具体微生物名称3]和所有多家族组合形成的生物膜具有显著更高的细菌浓度以及[具体微生物名称1]浓度。此外，与[具体微生物名称1]单物种生物膜和浮游多家族组合相比，多家族组合生物膜提高了[具体微生物名称1]对苯扎氯铵的耐受性。这些发现表明，[具体微生物名称1]控制策略不仅应侧重于评估消毒剂对[具体微生物名称1]的功效，还应评估对存在于食品加工建筑环境中的生物膜形成微生物的功效，例如[具体微生物名称2]或[具体微生物名称3]。
