Scott J P, Kivett V R
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 1985;21(2):121-36. doi: 10.2190/kyh0-udg0-vg2a-jwn9.
The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of sex differences on the morale of older widowed individuals. It was hypothesized that when the direct and indirect effects of several background and intervening variables were isolated, sex would have a significant association with morale and that widowers would be more adversely affected. The sample (N = 257) included rural widows and widowers aged sixty-five to ninety-four years who were selected by a compact cluster sampling technique. Sex of respondent was not found to affect morale; however, perceived financial status and self-rated health had significant direct effects. Widows and widowers reporting higher morale were those who had higher perceived financial status and rated their health as good. Education had a significant positive effect on morale via health and financial status. Economic and physical resources appear to be more influential determinants of the widowed older adults' morale than sex differences.
该研究的目的是确定性别差异对老年丧偶者士气的影响。研究假设，当分离出几个背景变量和干预变量的直接和间接影响时，性别将与士气有显著关联，并且鳏夫受到的负面影响会更大。样本（N = 257）包括通过密集整群抽样技术选取的65至94岁的农村寡妇和鳏夫。未发现受访者的性别会影响士气；然而，感知到的经济状况和自我评定的健康状况有显著的直接影响。报告士气较高的寡妇和鳏夫是那些感知到较高经济状况且将自己的健康评定为良好的人。教育通过健康和经济状况对士气有显著的积极影响。经济和物质资源似乎比性别差异更能影响丧偶老年人的士气。
