Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan.
Blood Press. 2024 Dec;33(1):2310257. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2024.2310257. Epub 2024 Feb 5.
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of elevated blood pressure (BP) has been raised worldwide. Food consumption, eating habits, and nutritional lifestyle related to meal timing, skipping meals, and meal contents have recently received more attention in studies on BP and metabolic syndrome. This study evaluated the association between habitual food consumption, eating behavior, and meal timing with BP among Jordanian adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study included 771 Jordanian adults. A food frequency questionnaire was completed. Data about eating habits, meal timing, and emotional eating were collected. BP was measured. RESULTS: The prevalence of less than recommended intake of vegetables, milk, protein, and fruits was higher in participants with elevated BP (69.2%, 90.2%, 58.9%, and 25.5%, respectively) as compared to the normal BP group ( < 0.001). Consuming vegetables and milk less than the recommended was reported to significantly increase the likelihood of elevated BP by OR= (1.60, and 2.75 (95%CI: 1.06-2.40; 1.62-4.66). Hence, consuming more than recommended fruit reduced the risk of elevated BP by OR = 0.56 (95%CI: 0.38-0.82). A 63.2% of elevated BP participants have three meals daily, a higher percentage of intake of one (23.5%) and two (45.7%) snacks. However, they had a higher percentage of morning eaters (50.7%), had lunch between 1:00-6:00 PM (92.7%), and had dinner between 6:00 and 9:00 PM (68.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Although Jordanian adults with elevated BP appear to have healthy eating habits and meal timing and frequency, their habitual food consumption falls short of the daily recommendations for milk, fruits, vegetables, and protein.
背景:全球范围内高血压(BP)的患病率有所上升。与用餐时间、不吃饭和用餐内容有关的食物消费、饮食习惯和营养生活方式,最近在 BP 和代谢综合征的研究中受到了更多关注。本研究评估了约旦成年人习惯性食物摄入、饮食习惯和用餐时间与 BP 之间的关系。
方法:本横断面研究纳入了 771 名约旦成年人。完成了食物频率问卷。收集了有关饮食习惯、用餐时间和情绪性进食的信息。测量了 BP。
结果:与正常 BP 组相比,BP 升高组(分别为 69.2%、90.2%、58.9%和 25.5%)推荐摄入量不足的蔬菜、牛奶、蛋白质和水果的比例更高( < 0.001)。报告称,摄入蔬菜和牛奶量低于推荐量会显著增加 BP 升高的可能性,OR=(1.60,和 2.75(95%CI:1.06-2.40;1.62-4.66)。因此,摄入更多推荐量的水果可降低 BP 升高的风险,OR=0.56(95%CI:0.38-0.82)。63.2%的 BP 升高者每天吃三餐,有 23.5%和 45.7%的人分别摄入一份和两份零食。然而,他们有更高比例的早餐者(50.7%),午餐时间在 1:00-6:00 PM(92.7%),晚餐时间在 6:00-9:00 PM(68.1%)。
结论:尽管 BP 升高的约旦成年人似乎有健康的饮食习惯和用餐时间和频率,但他们的习惯性食物摄入低于牛奶、水果、蔬菜和蛋白质的日常推荐量。
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