Cséfalvay Edit, Kovács Viktória
Department of Energy Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Muegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
ACS Omega. 2024 Jan 17;9(4):4277-4286. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05242. eCollection 2024 Jan 30.
Lighter fluids are consumer products used only at a low-volume scale, representing a realizable goal of fossil fuel replacement by renewables. Physicochemical properties of four fossil-based conventional lighter fluids (Ronsonol, Zippo, Landmann, and Terracotta) and six selected biomass-based chemicals (γ-valerolactone, ethyl-levulinate, ethanol, n-butanol, γ-valerolactone 90% v/v and ethanol 10% v/v, and ethyl-levulinate 90% v/v and ethanol 10% v/v mixtures) as potential biomass-based lighter fluids were assessed. Assessments were carried out in terms of safety, toxicological, and environmental viewpoints, represented by a flash point, boiling point, vapor pressure values, and evaporation rates; oral toxicity measured on rats; and real ethanol equivalent values, respectively. Parameters were collected where available; in the absence of literature data, they were calculated or measured and then analyzed. Finally, multicriteria analysis based on the flash point, boiling point, vapor pressure, toxicity, and ethanol equivalent values revealed γ-valerolactone as a renewable substance, which can be a promising alternative to replace fossil-based lighter fluids because it was awarded as the first in the multicriteria evaluation by obtaining the highest value of the overall scores. In practical usage, however, ignition, combustion experiments, flue gas, and emission analysis are also required to underline its commercial use in the future.
打火机燃料是仅在小批量规模下使用的消费品，代表了可再生能源替代化石燃料的一个可实现目标。评估了四种基于化石的传统打火机燃料（朗森油、芝宝油、兰德曼油和兵马俑油）以及六种选定的基于生物质的化学品（γ-戊内酯、乙酰丙酸乙酯、乙醇、正丁醇、90% v/v的γ-戊内酯和10% v/v的乙醇混合物，以及90% v/v的乙酰丙酸乙酯和10% v/v的乙醇混合物）作为潜在的基于生物质的打火机燃料的物理化学性质。评估从安全、毒理学和环境角度进行，分别以闪点、沸点、蒸气压值和蒸发速率、对大鼠测量的口服毒性以及实际乙醇当量值来表示。在有可用数据的情况下收集参数；在没有文献数据时，对其进行计算或测量，然后进行分析。最后，基于闪点、沸点、蒸气压、毒性和乙醇当量值的多标准分析表明，γ-戊内酯作为一种可再生物质，有望成为替代基于化石的打火机燃料的选择，因为它在多标准评估中获得了总分的最高值，排名第一。然而，在实际使用中，还需要进行点火、燃烧实验、烟气和排放分析，以突出其未来的商业用途。
