The optimal management of patients with relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) after disease progression or lack of response to second-line (2L) therapy remains unclear. Here, we report outcomes among patients who received subsequent antilymphoma therapy per investigator discretion separately by their randomized 2L arm in ZUMA-7, namely axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) vs standard of care (SOC). Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated from 3L therapy initiation. In the SOC arm, 127 of 179 randomized patients (71%) received 3L therapy. Median PFS among those who received 3L cellular immunotherapy (n = 68) vs those who did not (n = 59) was 6.3 vs 1.9 months, respectively; median OS was 16.3 vs 9.5 months, respectively. In the axi-cel arm, 84 of 180 randomized patients (47%) received 3L therapy. Median PFS among those who received 3L chemotherapy (n = 60) vs cellular immunotherapy (n = 8) was 1.7 vs 3.5 months, respectively; median OS was 8.1 months vs not reached, respectively. Of the 60 patients who received 3L chemotherapy, 10 underwent stem cell transplantation (SCT) after salvage chemotherapy. Median PFS was 11.5 vs 1.6 months, and median OS was 17.5 vs 7.2 months for those who did vs did not reach SCT, respectively. Eight patients received 3L cellular immunotherapy after 2L axi-cel. Of these, 6 patients received subsequent SCT in any line; all 6 were alive at data cutoff. These findings help inform subsequent treatment choices after 2L therapy failure for relapsed/refractory LBCL. The trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03391466.