Department of Development and Environmental Medicine, Fukushima Medical Center for Children and Women, Fukushima Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan.
J Dev Orig Health Dis. 2023 Dec;14(6):781-794. doi: 10.1017/S2040174424000011. Epub 2024 Feb 8.
Maternal prenatal and postnatal psychological distress, including depression and anxiety, may affect children's cognitive development. However, the findings have been inconsistent. We aimed to use the dataset from the Japan Environment and Children's Study, a nationwide prospective birth cohort study, to examine this association. We evaluated the relationship between the maternal six-item version of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) scores and cognitive development among children aged 4 years. K6 was administered twice during pregnancy (M-T1; first half of pregnancy, M-T2; second half of pregnancy) and 1 year postpartum (C-1y). Cognitive development was assessed by trained testers, using the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development 2001. Multiple regression analysis was performed with the group with a K6 score ≤ 4 for both M-T1 and M-T2 and C-1y as a reference. Records from 1,630 boys and 1,657 girls were analyzed. In the group with K6 scores ≥ 5 in both M-T1 and M-T2 and C-1Y groups, boys had significantly lower developmental quotients (DQ) in the language-social developmental (L-S) area (partial regression coefficient: -4.09, 95% confidence interval: -6.88 - -1.31), while girls did not differ significantly in DQ for the L-S area. Among boys and girls, those with K6 scores ≤ 4 at any one or two periods during M-T1, M-T2, or C-1y did not have significantly lower DQ for the L-S area. Persistent maternal psychological distress from the first half of pregnancy to 1 year postpartum had a disadvantageous association with verbal cognitive development in boys, but not in girls aged 4 years.
母亲产前和产后的心理困扰，包括抑郁和焦虑，可能会影响儿童的认知发展。然而，研究结果并不一致。我们旨在使用日本环境与儿童研究（一项全国性的前瞻性出生队列研究）的数据来检验这种关联。我们评估了母亲在怀孕期间两次（M-T1；妊娠前半段，M-T2；妊娠后半段）和产后 1 年（C-1y）使用 Kessler 心理困扰量表（K6）六分量表的分数与 4 岁儿童认知发展之间的关系。K6 在怀孕期间两次（M-T1；妊娠前半段，M-T2；妊娠后半段）和产后 1 年（C-1y）进行评估。认知发展由经过培训的测试员使用京都心理发展量表 2001 进行评估。以 K6 评分在 M-T1 和 M-T2 以及 C-1y 均≤4 的组作为参考，进行多元回归分析。分析了 1630 名男孩和 1657 名女孩的记录。在 M-T1 和 M-T2 以及 C-1Y 组的 K6 评分均≥5 的组中，男孩在语言社会发展（L-S）领域的发展商数（DQ）显著较低（部分回归系数：-4.09，95%置信区间：-6.88 - -1.31），而女孩在 L-S 领域的 DQ 没有显著差异。在男孩和女孩中，在 M-T1、M-T2 或 C-1y 的任何一个或两个时期 K6 评分均≤4 的儿童，其 L-S 领域的 DQ 没有显著降低。从妊娠前半段到产后 1 年持续存在的母亲心理困扰与 4 岁男孩的语言认知发展呈不利关联，但与女孩无关。
