Institute on Development and Disability, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA.
Disabil Health J. 2024 Jul;17(3):101588. doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101588. Epub 2024 Jan 26.
Poor preconception health may contribute to adverse perinatal outcomes among women with disabilities. While prior research has found higher prevalence of preconception health risks among women with versus without disabilities, existing U.S. studies have not assessed how preconception health risks may differ by disability type. Understanding such differences is relevant for informing and targeting efforts to improve health opportunities and optimize pregnancy outcomes.
This cross-sectional study examined preconception health in relation to disability type among reproductive-age women in the United States.
We analyzed 2016-2019 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to estimate the prevalence of 19 preconception health risk among non-pregnant women 18-44 years of age. We used modified Poisson regression to compare women with different types of disability to non-disabled women. Disability categories included: 1) hearing difficulty only; 2) vision difficulty only; 3) physical/mobility difficulty only; 4) cognitive difficulty only; 5) multiple or complex disabilities (including limitations in self-care or independent living activities). Multivariable analyses adjusted for other sociodemographic characteristics such as age and marital status.
Women with each disability type experienced a higher prevalence of indicators associated with poor preconception health compared to women with no disabilities. The number and extent of health risks varied substantially by disability type. Women with cognitive disabilities and women with multiple or complex disabilities experienced the greatest risk.
Addressing the specific preconception health risks experienced by women with different types of disabilities may help reduce adverse perinatal outcomes for disabled women and their infants.
不良的孕前健康状况可能导致残疾女性的围产期结局不良。尽管先前的研究发现残疾女性的孕前健康风险比非残疾女性更高，但现有的美国研究尚未评估孕前健康风险如何因残疾类型而有所不同。了解这些差异对于为改善健康机会和优化妊娠结局提供信息和目标非常重要。
本横断面研究在美国育龄妇女中考察了与残疾类型相关的孕前健康状况。
我们分析了 2016-2019 年行为风险因素监测系统的数据，以估计 18-44 岁未怀孕女性中 19 种孕前健康风险的患病率。我们使用改良泊松回归比较了不同类型残疾女性与非残疾女性。残疾类别包括：1）仅听力困难；2）仅视力困难；3）身体/移动困难仅；4）认知困难仅；5）多种或复杂残疾（包括自我护理或独立生活活动的限制）。多变量分析调整了其他社会人口特征，如年龄和婚姻状况。
与无残疾女性相比，每种残疾类型的女性都经历了与不良孕前健康相关的指标的更高患病率。健康风险的数量和程度因残疾类型而有很大差异。认知障碍女性和多种或复杂残疾女性的风险最大。
针对不同类型残疾女性所经历的特定孕前健康风险，可能有助于减少残疾女性及其婴儿的不良围产期结局。
