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使用与即刻种植同期植入的组织移植物以实现更好的种植体周围稳定性和疗效:一项系统评价和荟萃分析

The Use of Tissue Grafts Associated with Immediate Implant Placement to Achieve Better Peri-Implant Stability and Efficacy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

作者信息

Rondone Enrico Maria, Leitão-Almeida Bruno, Pereira Miguel Silva, Fernandes Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira, Borges Tiago

机构信息

Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal.

Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal.

出版信息

J Clin Med. 2024 Jan 31;13(3):821. doi: 10.3390/jcm13030821.

Abstract

: The goal of this systematic study and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of hard and/or soft tissue grafts associated with type-1 implants on healing and treatment outcomes. The primary outcomes studied were implant survival rate, pocket depth, marginal peri-implant recession, bone loss, bone thickness (volumetric change), interproximal bone level, mesial and distal papilla migration, and radiographic evaluation; and the secondary parameters were Pink Esthetic Score (PES), vertical distance from implant shoulder and bone, Visual Analogue Score (VAS), Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ), and biological complications (fistulas, pain, mucositis, and peri-implantitis). : The PICO strategy was used to formulate the hypothesis under study: "For patients who underwent extraction and immediate implant placement, what is the efficacy of using any type of graft (bone or soft tissue) compared to non-grafting regarding the peri-implant parameters?" The electronic search process was performed on the MedLine/PubMed and Cochrane databases. It included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from the last 11 years (from 2012 to November 2023), which were identified and analyzed. : Nine RCTs (κ = 0.98) were selected (403 patients and 425 implants); they were divided into three groups: bone graft (75 patients and 75 implants inserted), bone graft and membrane (213 patients and 235 implants inserted), and without bone graft (115 patients and 115 implants inserted). Three studies calculated the mid-facial mucosa level and two reported better results when a connective tissue graft was combined with the xenograft, whereas another study found better results in the combination of a dual-zone technique with a xenograft. Three studies evaluated the total Pink Esthetic Score (PES) at 12 months, where the authors found no significant difference in using a xenogeneic graft with or without a membrane. In the same period, the facial bone thickness was assessed in two articles; the authors reported better results in graft-treated and flapless groups. The risk-of-bias assessment found four studies with low risk, four with moderate risk, and one with a high risk of bias. The meta-analysis showed a medium level of heterogeneity for the mid-facial mucosa level analysis (I = 46%) and an overall effect size of 0.79 (95% CI [0.18; 1.40]), a statistically significant results ( = 0.01), with a tendency to favor the experimental group. Also, there was a medium level of heterogeneity among studies regarding total PES (I = 45%), with no significant differences between studies ( = 0.91). Homogeneous results (I = 0%) were found among studies analyzing facial bone thickness, favoring the experimental group; the forest plot showed an effect of 0.37 (95% CI [0.25; 0.50]), which was statistically significant ( < 0.00001) for this parameter. : Then, it was possible to conclude that using bone and soft tissue grafting techniques associated with immediate implant placement (IIP), even though they are not fundamental, was a valuable resource to prevent significant tissue reduction, reaching greater bone stability and higher levels in the Pink Esthetic Score (PES) and Visual Analogue Score (VAS).

摘要

本系统研究和荟萃分析的目的是评估与1型种植体相关的硬组织和/或软组织移植对愈合及治疗效果的有效性。所研究的主要结果包括种植体存活率、牙周袋深度、种植体周围边缘退缩、骨吸收、骨厚度(体积变化)、邻间骨水平、近中及远中龈乳头迁移以及影像学评估;次要参数包括粉红美学评分(PES)、种植体肩部与骨的垂直距离、视觉模拟评分(VAS)、种植体稳定性商数(ISQ)以及生物学并发症(瘘管、疼痛、黏膜炎和种植体周围炎)。采用PICO策略来构建所研究的假设:“对于接受拔牙并即刻种植的患者,与不进行移植相比,使用任何类型的移植(骨或软组织)对种植体周围参数的有效性如何?”在MedLine/PubMed和Cochrane数据库上进行了电子检索过程。检索包括过去11年(2012年至2023年11月)的随机对照试验(RCT),并对其进行识别和分析。选择了9项RCT(κ = 0.98)(403例患者和425颗种植体);它们被分为三组:骨移植组(75例患者和75颗植入种植体)、骨移植加膜组(213例患者和235颗植入种植体)以及无骨移植组(115例患者和115颗植入种植体)。三项研究计算了面部中部黏膜水平,两项研究报告称当结缔组织移植与异种移植联合使用时效果更好,而另一项研究发现双区技术与异种移植联合使用效果更好。三项研究评估了12个月时的总粉红美学评分(PES),作者发现使用带或不带膜的异种移植无显著差异。同期,两篇文章评估了面部骨厚度;作者报告称在移植治疗组和无瓣组效果更好。偏倚风险评估发现四项研究风险较低,四项研究风险中等,一项研究风险较高。荟萃分析显示面部中部黏膜水平分析存在中等程度的异质性(I = 46%),总体效应大小为0.79(95%可信区间[0.18;1.40]),结果具有统计学意义(P = 0.01),倾向于支持实验组。此外,关于总PES的研究之间存在中等程度的异质性(I = 45%),研究之间无显著差异(P = 0.91)。在分析面部骨厚度的研究中发现结果具有同质性(I = 0%),支持实验组;森林图显示该参数的效应为0.37(95%可信区间[0.25;0.50]),具有统计学意义(P < 0.00001)。然后,可以得出结论,即使不是必需的,使用与即刻种植(IIP)相关的骨和软组织移植技术是一种有价值的资源,可防止组织显著减少,实现更大的骨稳定性,并在粉红美学评分(PES)和视觉模拟评分(VAS)方面达到更高水平。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b00c/10856075/ffa12e27126a/jcm-13-00821-g001.jpg

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