Laboratorio de Investigación de Obesidad y Asma, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico.
Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Hospital de Especialidades "Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez", Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico.
Nutrients. 2024 Jan 24;16(3):341. doi: 10.3390/nu16030341.
Asthma is one of the most common chronic non-communicable diseases worldwide, characterized by variable airflow limitation secondary to airway narrowing, airway wall thickening, and increased mucus resulting from chronic inflammation and airway remodeling. Current epidemiological studies reported that hypovitaminosis D is frequent in patients with asthma and is associated with worsening the disease and that supplementation with vitamin D improves asthma symptoms. However, despite several advances in the field, the molecular mechanisms of asthma have yet to be comprehensively understood. MicroRNAs play an important role in controlling several biological processes and their deregulation is implicated in diverse diseases, including asthma. Evidence supports that the dysregulation of miR-21, miR-27b, miR-145, miR-146a, and miR-155 leads to disbalance of Th1/Th2 cells, inflammation, and airway remodeling, resulting in exacerbation of asthma. This review addresses how these molecular mechanisms explain the development of asthma and its exacerbation and how vitamin D may modulate these microRNAs to improve asthma symptoms.
哮喘是全球最常见的慢性非传染性疾病之一，其特征是气流受限的可变性，这是由于气道狭窄、气道壁增厚以及慢性炎症和气道重塑导致的黏液分泌增加引起的。目前的流行病学研究表明，哮喘患者常伴有维生素 D 缺乏症，并且与疾病恶化有关，而补充维生素 D 可改善哮喘症状。然而，尽管该领域取得了多项进展，但哮喘的分子机制仍未得到全面理解。microRNAs 在控制多种生物学过程中发挥着重要作用，其失调与多种疾病有关，包括哮喘。有证据表明，miR-21、miR-27b、miR-145、miR-146a 和 miR-155 的失调会导致 Th1/Th2 细胞失衡、炎症和气道重塑，从而导致哮喘恶化。这篇综述探讨了这些分子机制如何解释哮喘的发展和恶化，以及维生素 D 如何调节这些 microRNAs 来改善哮喘症状。
