Palomo-Gómez Rocío, Rúger-Navarrete Azahara, Antúnez-Calvente Irene, Vázquez-Lara Juana María, Rodríguez-Díaz Luciano, Gómez-Salgado Juan, Riesco-González Francisco Javier, Vázquez-Lara María Dolores, Muñoz-Vela Francisco Javier, Fernández-Carrasco Francisco Javier
Department of Obstetrics, Hospital of La Línea de la Concepción, 11300 Cadiz, Spain.
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences of Ceuta, University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain.
Healthcare (Basel). 2024 Jan 25;12(3):312. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12030312.
Pregnancy is one of the most complex periods in a woman's life, not only because of the biological changes involved but also because of the psychological aspects. Stress during pregnancy refers to the concerns and distress that arise during pregnancy and that can be assessed by means of psychological and physiological scales. The aim of this study was to analyse prenatal stress and to evaluate its consequences on the health of both the mother and the foetus. A descriptive longitudinal study was carried out on a sample of 398 pregnant women being followed up during their entire pregnancy, who gave birth at the Punta de Europa University Hospital in Algeciras (Spain) between September 2021 and August 2023. The Prenatal Distress Questionnaire (PDQ) was used, as well as serum cortisol levels in each trimester of pregnancy and birth experience using the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire in its validated Spanish version, CEQ-E. Demographic and obstetric variables were included. One of the main findings was that experiencing more stress in late pregnancy had a negative impact on obstetric outcomes. Women who had higher levels of prenatal distress had higher blood cortisol levels and increased risk of having a caesarean section at delivery. A significant negative correlation was also found between stress and Apgar test values in the first minute of life. It is concluded that interventions promoted by the health system that provide comprehensive prenatal care contribute to decreased stress as perceived by these pregnant women, thus reducing the risk of maternal and foetal morbidity.
怀孕是女性一生中最复杂的时期之一，不仅因为涉及生理变化，还因为心理因素。孕期压力是指孕期出现的担忧和困扰，可通过心理和生理量表进行评估。本研究的目的是分析产前压力，并评估其对母亲和胎儿健康的影响。对398名在整个孕期接受随访的孕妇进行了一项描述性纵向研究，这些孕妇于2021年9月至2023年8月在西班牙阿尔赫西拉斯的欧洲角大学医院分娩。使用了产前困扰问卷（PDQ），以及孕期各阶段的血清皮质醇水平，并使用经过验证的西班牙语版分娩体验问卷（CEQ-E）来评估分娩经历。纳入了人口统计学和产科变量。主要发现之一是，孕晚期经历更多压力对产科结局有负面影响。产前困扰程度较高的女性血液皮质醇水平较高，分娩时进行剖宫产的风险增加。在出生后第一分钟的阿氏评分值与压力之间也发现了显著的负相关。结论是，卫生系统推动的提供全面产前护理的干预措施有助于降低这些孕妇感知到的压力，从而降低母婴发病风险。
