Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, HR 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
Molecules. 2024 Jan 23;29(3):568. doi: 10.3390/molecules29030568.
Conditions in the gastrointestinal tract and microbial metabolism lead to biotransformation of parent, native phenolic compounds from apples into different chemical forms. The aim of this work was to review current knowledge about the forms of phenolic compounds from apples in the gastrointestinal tract and to connect it to their potential beneficial effects, including the mitigation of health problems of the digestive tract. Phenolic compounds from apples are found in the gastrointestinal tract in a variety of forms: native (flavan-3-ols, phenolic acids, flavonols, dihydrochalcones, and anthocyanins), degradation products, various metabolites, and catabolites. Native forms can show beneficial effects in the stomach and small intestine and during the beginning phase of digestion in the colon. Different products of degradation and phase II metabolites can be found in the small intestine and colon, while catabolites might be important for bioactivities in the colon. Most studies connect beneficial effects for different described health problems to the whole apple or to the amount of all phenolic compounds from apples. This expresses the influence of all native polyphenols from apples on beneficial effects. However, further studies of the peculiar compounds resulting from native phenols and their effects on the various parts of the digestive tract could provide a better understanding of the specific derivatives with bioactivity in humans.
胃肠道内的环境和微生物代谢会导致苹果中原有的、天然的酚类化合物发生生物转化，形成不同的化学形式。本研究旨在综述苹果中酚类化合物在胃肠道中的存在形式，并将其与潜在的有益作用联系起来，包括减轻消化道健康问题。苹果中的酚类化合物以多种形式存在于胃肠道中，包括天然形式（黄烷-3-醇、酚酸、黄酮醇、二氢查耳酮和花青素）、降解产物、各种代谢物和分解产物。天然形式在胃和小肠中以及在结肠消化的初始阶段可能表现出有益的作用。不同的降解产物和 II 期代谢产物可在小肠和结肠中找到，而分解产物可能对结肠中的生物活性很重要。大多数研究将不同描述的健康问题的有益作用与整个苹果或苹果中所有酚类化合物的含量联系起来。这表明了苹果中原有的多酚类化合物对有益作用的整体影响。然而，对天然酚类化合物产生的特殊化合物及其对消化道各个部位的影响进行进一步研究，可以更好地了解具有生物活性的特定衍生物在人体内的作用。
