Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China.
National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Haikou 571101, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jan 30;25(3):1686. doi: 10.3390/ijms25031686.
Oil palm, a tropical woody oil crop, is widely used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals due to its high production efficiency and economic value. Palm oil is rich in free fatty acids, polyphenols, vitamin E, and other nutrients, which are beneficial for human health when consumed appropriately. Therefore, investigating the dynamic changes in free fatty acid content at different stages of development and hypothesizing the influence of regulatory genes on free fatty acid metabolism is crucial for improving palm oil quality and accelerating industry growth. LC-MS/MS is used to analyze the composition and content of free fatty acids in the flesh after 95 days (MS1 and MT1), 125 days (MS2 and MT2), and 185 days (MS3 and MT3) of Seedless (MS) and Tenera (MT) oil palm species fruit pollination. RNA-Seq was used to analyze the expression of genes regulating free fatty acid synthesis and accumulation, with differences in genes and metabolites mapped to the KEGG pathway map using the KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) enrichment analysis method. A metabolomics study identified 17 types of saturated and 13 types of unsaturated free fatty acids during the development of MS and MT. Transcriptomic research revealed that 10,804 significantly different expression genes were acquired in the set differential gene threshold between MS and MT. The results showed that FabB was positively correlated with the contents of three main free fatty acids (stearic acid, myristate acid, and palmitic acid) and negatively correlated with the contents of free palmitic acid in the flesh of MS and MT. ACSL and FATB were positively correlated with the contents of three main free fatty acids and negatively correlated with free myristate acid. The study reveals that the expression of key enzyme genes, FabB and FabF, may improve the synthesis of free myristate in oil palm flesh, while FabF, ACSL, and FATB genes may facilitate the production of free palmitoleic acid. These genes may also promote the synthesis of free stearic acid and palmitoleic acid in oil palm flesh. However, the FabB gene may inhibit stearic acid synthesis, while ACSL and FATB genes may hinder myristate acid production. This study provides a theoretical basis for improving palm oil quality.
油棕是一种热带木本油料作物，由于其生产效率高、经济价值高，广泛应用于食品、化妆品和制药行业。棕榈油富含游离脂肪酸、多酚、维生素 E 等营养物质，适量食用对人体健康有益。因此，研究不同发育阶段游离脂肪酸含量的动态变化，并假设调控基因对游离脂肪酸代谢的影响，对于提高棕榈油品质和加速产业发展至关重要。LC-MS/MS 用于分析授粉后 95 天（MS1 和 MT1）、125 天（MS2 和 MT2）和 185 天（MS3 和 MT3）无核（MS）和特嫩（MT）油棕果实肉中游离脂肪酸的组成和含量。RNA-Seq 用于分析调节游离脂肪酸合成和积累的基因表达，用差异基因和代谢物映射到 KEGG 途径图，使用 KEGG（京都基因与基因组百科全书）富集分析方法。代谢组学研究在 MS 和 MT 的发育过程中鉴定出 17 种饱和和 13 种不饱和游离脂肪酸。转录组学研究表明，在 MS 和 MT 之间的差异基因阈值集获得了 10804 个显著差异表达基因。结果表明，FabB 与 MS 和 MT 果肉中三种主要游离脂肪酸（硬脂酸、肉豆蔻酸和棕榈酸）的含量呈正相关，与游离棕榈酸的含量呈负相关。ACSL 和 FATB 与三种主要游离脂肪酸的含量呈正相关，与游离肉豆蔻酸的含量呈负相关。研究表明，关键酶基因 FabB 和 FabF 的表达可能提高油棕果肉中游离肉豆蔻酸的合成，而 FabF、ACSL 和 FATB 基因可能促进游离棕榈油酸的产生。这些基因也可能促进油棕果肉中游离硬脂酸和棕榈油酸的合成。然而，FabB 基因可能抑制硬脂酸的合成，而 ACSL 和 FATB 基因可能阻碍肉豆蔻酸的产生。本研究为提高棕榈油品质提供了理论依据。
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