Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang, 571339, China.
BMC Plant Biol. 2022 Mar 12;22(1):112. doi: 10.1186/s12870-022-03459-2.
Oil palm is the most efficient oil-producing crop in the world, and the yield of palm oil is associated with embryonic development. However, a comprehensive understanding of zygotic embryo development at the molecular level remains elusive. In order to address this issue, we report the transcriptomic analysis of zygotic embryo development in oil palm, specifically focusing on regulatory genes involved in important biological pathways.
In this study, three cDNA libraries were prepared from embryos at S1 (early-stage), S2 (middle-stage), and S3 (late-stage). There were 16,367, 16,500, and 18,012 genes characterized at the S1, S2, and S3 stages of embryonic development, respectively. A total of 1522, 2698, and 142 genes were differentially expressed in S1 vs S2, S1 vs S3, and S2 vs S3, respectively. Using Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis to identify key genes and pathways. In the hormone signaling pathway, genes related to auxin antagonize the output of cytokinin which regulates the development of embryo meristem. The genes related to abscisic acid negatively regulating the synthesis of gibberellin were strongly up-regulated in the mid-late stage of embryonic development. The results were reported the early synthesis and mid-late degradation of sucrose, as well as the activation of the continuous degradation pathway of temporary starch, providing the nutrients needed for differentiation of the embryonic cell. Moreover, the transcripts of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis were also abundantly accumulated in the zygotic embryos.
Taken together, our research provides a new perspective on the developmental and metabolic regulation of zygotic embryo development at the transcriptional level in oil palm.
油棕是世界上产油效率最高的作物，棕榈油的产量与胚胎发育有关。然而，在分子水平上全面了解合子胚胎发育仍然难以捉摸。为了解决这个问题，我们报告了油棕合子胚胎发育的转录组分析，特别是关注涉及重要生物学途径的调节基因。
在这项研究中，从 S1（早期）、S2（中期）和 S3（晚期）胚胎中制备了三个 cDNA 文库。在胚胎发育的 S1、S2 和 S3 阶段分别鉴定出 16367、16500 和 18012 个基因。S1 与 S2、S1 与 S3、S2 与 S3 相比，共有 1522、2698 和 142 个基因差异表达。使用基因本体论（GO）术语富集和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）途径分析来识别关键基因和途径。在激素信号通路中，与生长素拮抗的基因输出调节胚胎分生组织的发育。与脱落酸负调控赤霉素合成相关的基因在胚胎发育的中晚期强烈上调。报告了蔗糖的早期合成和中晚期降解，以及临时淀粉的连续降解途径的激活，为胚胎细胞的分化提供了所需的营养物质。此外，合子胚胎中也大量积累了参与脂肪酸合成的基因的转录本。
总之，我们的研究从转录水平为油棕合子胚胎发育的发育和代谢调控提供了新的视角。
