Vitamin K (Menadione)-incorporated chitosan/alginate hydrogel as a novel product for periorbital hyperpigmentation.

The possibility of controlling periorbital hyperpigmentation disorders is one of the most important research goals in cosmetic preparations. In the current investigation, 1% vitamin K (Vit K) was incorporated into a Chitosan/alginate hydrogel which aimed to increase the dermal delivery and anti-pigmentation effect. The Vit K-hydrogel was evaluated using several different tests, including volume expansion/contraction analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet (UV) absorbance spectroscopy, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Vit K hydrogel's drug release profile showed a steady increase over time. Furthermore, the modified Vit K hydrogel formulations showed no harmful effects in an cytotoxicity study. The Vit K hydrogel was tested for dermal irritation on Wistar rats, and the hydrogel was found to be non-irritating. Furthermore, Vit K-hydrogel inhibited melanin formation (31.76 ± 1.14%) and was remarkably higher than free Vit K. In addition, Vit K-hydrogel inhibited L-dopa auto-oxidation to a greater extent (94.80 ± 2.41%) in comparison with Vit K solution (73.95 ± 1.62%). Vit K-hydrogel enhanced percutaneous transport of Vit K, according to percutaneous absorption findings, suggesting that this innovative formulation may provide new therapeutic options for periorbital hyperpigmentation.