Klein H A, Shaffer K
J Genet Psychol. 1985 Sep;146(3):389-97. doi: 10.1080/00221325.1985.9914467.
The issue of irreversible decrements versus developmental plasticity with aging was explored for skilled language users. Fifteen English teachers (22 to 31 years of age) and 15 retired English teachers (50 to 83 years of age) were tested for language memory, using a 2 X 2 X 2 (Recall vs. Recognition X Meaningful vs. Nonmeaningful X Incidental vs. Intentional) design, and for overall grammar-skill memory, using speed and error measures. On the language-memory test, experimental variables (but not the age variable) were related to performance. On the grammar-skill test, the older subjects showed longer completion times but no decrements in accuracy. The results provided support for developmental plasticity in language memory and suggested an optimistic view of memory for skilled content areas.
针对熟练的语言使用者，探讨了衰老过程中不可逆衰退与发育可塑性的问题。研究对15名英语教师（年龄在22至31岁之间）和15名退休英语教师（年龄在50至83岁之间）进行了语言记忆测试，采用2×2×2（回忆与识别×有意义与无意义×附带与有意）设计，并使用速度和错误度量对总体语法技能记忆进行了测试。在语言记忆测试中，实验变量（而非年龄变量）与表现相关。在语法技能测试中，年长受试者完成测试的时间更长，但准确性没有下降。研究结果为语言记忆的发育可塑性提供了支持，并表明对熟练内容领域的记忆持乐观态度。
