Department of Clinical Pathologhy, University of Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, Indonesia.
Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia.
Tissue Cell. 2024 Apr;87:102320. doi: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102320. Epub 2024 Feb 2.
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a neurological condition characterized by severe long-term consequences and an unfavorable prognosis for numerous patients. Despite advancements in stroke treatment, existing therapeutic approaches possess certain limitations. However, accumulating evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) hold promise as a potential therapy for various neurological disorders, including IS, owing to their advantageous properties, such as immunomodulation and tissue regeneration. Additionally, MSCs primarily exert their therapeutic effects through the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), highlighting the significance of their paracrine activities. These EVs are small double-layered phospholipid membrane vesicles, carrying a diverse cargo of proteins, lipids, and miRNAs that enable effective cell-to-cell communication. Notably, EVs have emerged as attractive substitutes for stem cell therapy due to their reduced immunogenicity, lower tumorigenic potential, and ease of administration and handling. Hence, this review summarizes the current preclinical and clinical studies performed to investigate the safety and therapeutic potential of MSCs and their EVs derived from different sources, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord blood, and Wharton's jelly in IS.
缺血性脑卒中（IS）是一种神经系统疾病，其特点是对许多患者造成严重的长期后果和预后不良。尽管脑卒中治疗取得了进展，但现有的治疗方法存在一定的局限性。然而，越来越多的证据表明，间充质干细胞（MSCs）因其具有免疫调节和组织再生等优势特性，有望成为包括 IS 在内的各种神经疾病的潜在治疗方法。此外，MSCs 主要通过释放细胞外囊泡（EVs）发挥其治疗作用，突出了其旁分泌活性的重要性。这些 EVs 是具有双层磷脂膜的小囊泡，携带各种蛋白质、脂质和 miRNA 货物，能够实现有效的细胞间通讯。值得注意的是，由于 EVs 的免疫原性降低、致瘤潜力降低以及易于管理和处理，它们已成为干细胞治疗的有吸引力的替代品。因此，本综述总结了目前进行的关于来自不同来源的 MSCs 及其 EVs（包括骨髓、脂肪组织、脐带血和 Wharton 胶）在 IS 中的安全性和治疗潜力的临床前和临床研究。
