Department of Community Dentistry, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre, Pokhara, Nepal.
Department of Dentistry, Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal.
BMC Oral Health. 2024 Feb 11;24(1):219. doi: 10.1186/s12903-024-03997-1.
This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of dental caries, tobacco usage, and associated risk factors for dental caries in patients who visited a government hospital in Western, Nepal.
This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2022. Patients above 18 years visiting the dental OPD of a government hospital, and who had provided informed consent were enrolled in the study using a convenience sampling technique. As the study also involved an illiterate population, in that case, informed consent was obtained from their respective legal guardian as well. A pretested standardized, close-ended questionnaire was administered by researchers to gather information regarding the associated risk factors and oral hygiene practices. Clinical examination was done for dental caries according to the criteria by the World Health Organization (WHO) using the "DMFT" index (WHO modification 1987). Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was done and the odds ratio and p-value was calculated. For all tests, statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
A total of 219 participants completed the study with a mean age of 31.73 ± 12.46. The prevalence of dental caries and tobacco was found to be 80.36% and 5.02% respectively. Participants without health insurance had 2.35 times higher odds of dental caries (95% CI: 1.03-5.36). Not rinsing the mouth after eating sweets was associated with 3.07 times higher odds of dental caries (95% CI: 1.31-7.18). Those who hadn't visited a dentist in the past 12 months had lower odds (0.42; 95% CI: 0.18-0.94). Eating fresh fruit daily showed statistically higher odds (2.70; 95% CI: 1.04-6.99) of dental caries. Non-tobacco users had higher odds (14.19; 2.55-78.99) of dental caries.
Dental caries is highly prevalent, while tobacco usage is relatively low. Factors associated with dental caries included lack of health insurance coverage, consumption of fruits once daily, recent dental visits within the past year, not rinsing the mouth with water after consuming sweets, and non-tobacco users.
本研究旨在评估尼泊尔西部一家政府医院就诊患者的龋齿患病率、烟草使用情况以及与龋齿相关的危险因素。
本分析性横断面研究于 2022 年 1 月至 4 月进行。采用便利抽样技术，选取 18 岁以上、就诊于政府医院牙科门诊并签署知情同意书的患者纳入研究。由于该研究还涉及到不识字的人群，在这种情况下，也获得了他们各自法定监护人的知情同意。研究人员使用经过预测试的标准化封闭式问卷收集与相关危险因素和口腔卫生习惯相关的信息。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的标准（WHO 1987 年修订版），使用“DMFT”指数对龋齿进行临床检查。进行了单变量和多变量逻辑回归，并计算了比值比和 p 值。所有检验的统计学显著性水平均设置为 p<0.05。
共有 219 名参与者完成了研究，平均年龄为 31.73±12.46 岁。龋齿和烟草的患病率分别为 80.36%和 5.02%。没有医疗保险的参与者患龋齿的几率高 2.35 倍（95%CI：1.03-5.36）。进食甜食后不漱口与患龋齿的几率高 3.07 倍相关（95%CI：1.31-7.18）。过去 12 个月内未看牙医的参与者患龋齿的几率较低（0.42；95%CI：0.18-0.94）。每天食用新鲜水果与患龋齿的几率高 2.70 倍相关（95%CI：1.04-6.99）。非烟草使用者患龋齿的几率高 14.19 倍（2.55-78.99）。
龋齿患病率高，而烟草使用率相对较低。与龋齿相关的因素包括缺乏医疗保险、每日食用水果、过去 12 个月内最近一次看牙医、进食甜食后不漱口以及非烟草使用者。
