Ameer Luma, Aslam Nousheen, Ghosn Sherihan, Al-Matouq Jenan, Al-Mousa Zahra, Alasfour Safyah, Suroor Manal, Amin Yousif Hassan
Pharmacy Department, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia.
Saudi Pharm J. 2024 Mar;32(3):101983. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.101983. Epub 2024 Feb 4.
To use Participatory Action Research (PAR) methodology to develop a competency-based training (CBT) program for Bachelor of Pharmacy interns at Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences (MACHS), Dammam, Saudi Arabia, based on the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) Global Competency Framework.
The MACHS Pharmacy Department Training Unit developed a competency-based training (CBT) framework over 6 cohorts of interns based on the FIP Global Competency Framework using the Participatory Action Research (PAR) methodology. Assignments were set throughout the training period to support competency development. Assessment methods used for the evaluation included student portfolio, site preceptor evaluation and the college-based assessments. End of training and baseline results were compared to determine the effectiveness of CBT in terms of improvement of skills. Problems were identified and action plans developed, to be implemented on the following cohort. Successful completion of CBT required a total score of 80%. The students who could not pass the assessment were given a chance to improve their weak competencies and retake the assessment.
Since its implementation, five cohorts have been trained through CBT. Only 12% of interns passed the training in first attempt in the first cohort. This passing percentage dramatically increased to 75-100% in the consecutive cohorts where students scored better in the portfolio, and site preceptor evaluation as compared to the college-based assessment. Students' feedback towards the assignments was positive.
Participatory Action Research was found to be an effective approach towards developing a competency-based training program for Pharmacy interns. More FIP competencies and evaluation strategies will be added to the internship program in the future. Furthermore, a national approach towards implementation of CBT should be used to ensure the uniformity of competency of pharmacists across the kingdom.
运用参与式行动研究（PAR）方法，基于国际药学联合会（FIP）全球能力框架，为沙特阿拉伯达曼穆罕默德·阿尔-马纳医学科学学院（MACHS）的药学学士实习生开发一个基于能力的培训（CBT）项目。
MACHS药学系培训单元运用参与式行动研究（PAR）方法，基于FIP全球能力框架，为6个实习生队列开发了一个基于能力的培训（CBT）框架。在整个培训期间布置作业以支持能力发展。用于评估的方法包括学生档案袋、现场带教老师评估和学院评估。比较培训结束时和基线结果，以确定CBT在技能提升方面的有效性。识别问题并制定行动计划，以便在后续队列中实施。成功完成CBT要求总分达到80%。未通过评估的学生有机会提升其薄弱能力并重新参加评估。
自实施以来，已有5个队列通过CBT接受了培训。在第一个队列中，只有12%的实习生首次尝试就通过了培训。在随后的队列中，这一通过率大幅提高到75%-100%，在档案袋和现场带教老师评估中，学生的得分高于学院评估。学生对作业的反馈是积极的。
发现参与式行动研究是为药学实习生开发基于能力的培训项目的有效方法。未来将在实习项目中增加更多FIP能力和评估策略。此外，应采用全国性的方法来实施CBT，以确保沙特全国药剂师能力的一致性。
