Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China.
Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China.
Glob Chang Biol. 2024 Feb;30(2):e17182. doi: 10.1111/gcb.17182.
Biodiversity is considered important to the mitigation of global change impacts on ecosystem multifunctionality in terrestrial ecosystems. However, potential mechanisms through which biodiversity maintains ecosystem multifunctionality under global change remain unclear. We grew 132 plant communities with two levels of plant diversity, crossed with treatments based on 10 global change factors (nitrogen deposition, soil salinity, drought, plant invasion, simulated grazing, oil pollution, plastics pollution, antibiotics pollution, heavy metal pollution, and pesticide pollution). All global change factors negatively impacted ecosystem multifunctionality, but negative impacts were stronger in high compared with low diversity plant communities. We explored potential mechanisms for this unexpected result, finding that the inhibition of selection effects (i.e., selection for plant species associated with high ecosystem functioning) contributed to sensitivity of ecosystem multifunctionality to global change. Specifically, global change factors decreased the abundance of novel functional plants (i.e., legumes) in high but not low diversity plant communities. The negative impacts of global change on ecosystem multifunctionality were also mediated by increased relative abundance of fungal plant pathogens (identified from metabarcoding of soil samples) and their negative relationship with the abundance of novel functional plants. Taken together, our experiment highlights the importance of protecting high diversity plant communities and legumes, and managing fungal pathogens, to the maintenance of ecosystem multifunctionality in the face of complex global change.
生物多样性被认为对减轻全球变化对陆地生态系统生态系统多功能性的影响很重要。然而，生物多样性在全球变化下维持生态系统多功能性的潜在机制仍不清楚。我们用两种植物多样性水平种植了 132 个植物群落，并与基于 10 种全球变化因素（氮沉降、土壤盐度、干旱、植物入侵、模拟放牧、石油污染、塑料污染、抗生素污染、重金属污染和农药污染）的处理交叉进行。所有的全球变化因素都对生态系统多功能性产生了负面影响，但在高多样性植物群落中，负面影响比低多样性植物群落更强。我们探索了这种意外结果的潜在机制，发现选择效应的抑制（即选择与高生态系统功能相关的植物物种）有助于生态系统多功能性对全球变化的敏感性。具体来说，全球变化因素降低了高多样性植物群落中新型功能植物（即豆科植物）的丰度，但在低多样性植物群落中则没有。全球变化对生态系统多功能性的负面影响还受到土壤样本宏条形码分析鉴定的真菌植物病原体相对丰度增加的调节，以及它们与新型功能植物丰度的负相关关系的调节。总的来说，我们的实验强调了保护高多样性植物群落和豆科植物以及管理真菌病原体的重要性，以维持生态系统多功能性，应对复杂的全球变化。
