Department of Food Processing, Maçka Vocational School, Karadeniz Technical University, 61750, Macka, Trabzon, Turkey.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.
Food Funct. 2024 Mar 4;15(5):2550-2562. doi: 10.1039/d3fo04466a.
Bee pollen and bee bread go hand in hand with health-promoting functional food consumption. Although many studies report high bioactivities of those products, the biotransformation of pollen into bee bread has not been fully understood. Limited findings are available about polyphenol bioaccessibility and microbiological interactions during the fermentation process. This study evaluated the microbial flora, antioxidant properties, and polyphenol and soluble protein bioaccessibility of pollen and bee bread harvested from the same apiary over a certain timeline. Total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and soluble protein content were reported using an digestion model involving post-gastric, serum-available, and colon-available fractions. The results obtained with the digestion model refer to the effect of the harvesting period on greater bioaccessibility of polyphenols in bee bread than in pollen at the same apiary. Lactic acid bacteria and yeast found in the samples were mostly identified as , , and using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The discrimination between the pollen and bee bread samples collected in the same apiary and at different harvesting periods was also revealed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A harvesting time-based approach was applied to the biotransformation process of pollen and bee bread, and insights into microbial dynamics and bioaccessibility were revealed for the first time under the same beehive conditions.
蜂花粉和蜂粮与促进健康的功能性食品消费息息相关。尽管许多研究报告称这些产品具有很高的生物活性，但花粉转化为蜂粮的生物转化过程尚未完全被理解。在发酵过程中，关于多酚生物利用度和微生物相互作用的有限发现。本研究评估了在一定时间内从同一蜂场收获的花粉和蜂粮的微生物菌群、抗氧化特性以及多酚和可溶性蛋白质的生物利用度。使用涉及胃后、血清可及和结肠可及部分的消化模型报告了总酚含量、抗氧化活性和可溶性蛋白质含量。消化模型获得的结果表明，在同一蜂场，与花粉相比，蜂粮中多酚的生物利用度更高。使用基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF MS），对样品中发现的乳酸菌和酵母进行了鉴定，主要鉴定为 、 、 。主成分分析（PCA）揭示了在同一蜂场和不同收获期采集的花粉和蜂粮样品之间的区分。基于收获时间的方法应用于花粉和蜂粮的生物转化过程，首次在相同蜂箱条件下揭示了微生物动态和生物利用度的见解。
