Dos Santos Silva Camilla, Araújo Marcos Vinícius, Marinho Helena
Music Department, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
Department of Communication and Art, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
Front Psychol. 2024 Jan 31;15:1324100. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1324100. eCollection 2024.
This study aimed to investigate the Self-Regulated Learning behaviors of advanced Brazilian and Portuguese musicians and how these processes vary in terms of gender, nationality, musical instrument, quantity of practice, expertise, and professional experience.
300 participants fully completed the 22-item questionnaire "Attitudes in music practice". The sample comprised of 54.3% males, 44.0% females, and 1% non-binary; 0.7% did not respond. 68.0% ( = 204) were Brazilian, and 32.0% ( = 96) were Portuguese. The mean age was 32.70 years old (SD = 11.261), the mode was 22 years old, with a range of 18 to 66 years. Data analysis procedure included exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency, independent sample t test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and chi-square tests.
Exploratory Factor Analysis generated three factors: Practice Organization, Personal Resources, and External Resources. The results report there are no differences in SRL scores in terms of gender, nationality, and musical instrument. However, One-way ANOVA test results convey differences in SRL scores and the quantity of practice and expertise with those musicians who reported practicing for longer periods scoring more highly than participants who declared spending less time on daily practice.
The results for the expertise variables suggest that more experienced and older musicians scored higher in Personal Resources and lower in External Resources indicating that, as musicians gain in experience, their metacognitive processes become more evident than the social factors of their performance.
本研究旨在调查巴西和葡萄牙高级音乐家的自我调节学习行为，以及这些过程在性别、国籍、乐器、练习量、专业技能和专业经验方面如何变化。
300名参与者完整填写了22项的“音乐练习态度”问卷。样本包括54.3%的男性、44.0%的女性和1%的非二元性别者；0.7%未作答。68.0%（n = 204）是巴西人，32.0%（n = 96）是葡萄牙人。平均年龄为32.70岁（标准差 = 11.261），众数为22岁，年龄范围为18至66岁。数据分析程序包括探索性因素分析、内部一致性分析、独立样本t检验、方差分析（ANOVA）和卡方检验。
探索性因素分析产生了三个因素：练习组织、个人资源和外部资源。结果表明，在自我调节学习分数方面，性别、国籍和乐器并无差异。然而，单向方差分析测试结果显示，自我调节学习分数与练习量和专业技能存在差异，报告练习时间较长的音乐家得分高于宣称日常练习时间较少的参与者。
专业技能变量的结果表明，经验更丰富和年龄较大的音乐家在个人资源方面得分较高，在外部资源方面得分较低，这表明随着音乐家经验的增加，他们的元认知过程比其表现的社会因素更为明显。
