Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
Moskvarium Center for Oceanography and Marine Biology, Moscow, 129223, Russia.
Sci Rep. 2024 Feb 15;14(1):3805. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-54435-9.
Secreted proteins of the Noggin family serve as pivotal regulators of early development and cell differentiation in all multicellular animals, including vertebrates. Noggin1 was identified first among all Noggins. Moreover, it was described as the first known embryonic inducer specifically secreted by the Spemann organizer and capable of inducing a secondary body axis when expressed ectopically. In the classical default model of neural induction, Noggin1 is presented as an antagonist of BMP signalling, playing a role as a neural inducer. Additionally, Noggin1 is involved in the dorsalization of embryonic mesoderm and later controls the differentiation of various tissues, including muscles, bones, and neural crest derivatives. Hitherto, noggin1 was found in all studied vertebrates. Here, we report the loss of noggin1 in elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates), which is a unique case among vertebrates. noggin2 and noggin4 retained in this group and studied in the embryos of the grey bamboo shark Chiloscyllium griseum revealed similarities in expression patterns and functional properties with their orthologues described in other vertebrates. The loss of noggin1 in elasmobranchs may be associated with histological features of the formation of their unique internal cartilaginous skeleton, although additional research is required to establish functional connections between these events.
Noggin 家族的分泌蛋白在所有多细胞动物中，包括脊椎动物，都是早期发育和细胞分化的关键调节因子。Noggin1 是所有 Noggin 蛋白中首先被鉴定出来的。此外，它被描述为第一个已知的由 Spemann 组织者特异性分泌的胚胎诱导物，能够在外源异位表达时诱导次级体轴。在经典的神经诱导默认模型中，Noggin1 作为 BMP 信号的拮抗剂，发挥神经诱导剂的作用。此外，Noggin1 还参与胚胎中胚层的背侧化，随后控制各种组织的分化，包括肌肉、骨骼和神经嵴衍生物。迄今为止，noggin1 在所有研究过的脊椎动物中都有发现。在这里，我们报告了软骨鱼类（鲨鱼、鳐鱼和𫚉鱼）中 noggin1 的缺失，这在脊椎动物中是一个独特的案例。在该组中保留的 noggin2 和 noggin4 以及在灰竹鲨 Chiloscyllium griseum 的胚胎中研究发现，它们与在其他脊椎动物中描述的同源物具有相似的表达模式和功能特性。软骨鱼类 noggin1 的缺失可能与它们独特的内部软骨骨骼形成的组织学特征有关，尽管需要进一步的研究来建立这些事件之间的功能联系。
