Xu Xiaohan, Yang Jiahui, Zhang Yang, Sui Xueyan, Gong Zelong, Liu Shujing, Chen Xuan, Li Xinghui, Wang Yuhua
College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
Jiangsu Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Nanjing, 210017, China.
Stress Biol. 2024 Feb 16;4(1):15. doi: 10.1007/s44154-024-00149-x.
Tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] is one of the important foliar cash crops in China, and its root system absorbs heavy metal (HM) elements enriched in the soil and transports them to the over ground part. In order to ensure the safety of the soil ecological environment and tea raw materials in the tea production area, the HM contents of soil and tea plant leaves in Suzhou tea plantations were detected, the relationship between HMs and soil physicochemical properties was analyzed, and the ecological risk of HMs in tea plantation soils was evaluated by using relevant detection techniques and evaluation models. The results showed that the average pH of tea plantation soils around Tai Lake in Suzhou was within the range suitable for the growth of tea plants. The pH, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of tea plantation soil satisfying the requirements of high quality, high efficiency and high yield ('3H') tea plantation accounted for 47.06%, 26.47%, 8.82%, 79.41% and 67.65%, respectively. Site 2 fully met the requirements of '3H' tea plantation. In addition, the contents of cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) were extremely variable, and the average contents exceeded the background value of soil in Jiangsu Province, but the HM contents of tea leaves all met the pollution-free standard, and the HM contents of tea leaves around Tai Lake in Suzhou were generally at a safe level. The composite ecological risk index ranged from 0.05 to 0.60, and 32 of the 34 sample sites (except site 21 and site 23) are the most suitable agricultural land for tea plantations.
茶树[Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]是中国重要的叶用经济作物之一，其根系吸收土壤中富集的重金属（HM）元素并将其转运至地上部分。为确保茶产区土壤生态环境和茶叶原料的安全，采用相关检测技术和评价模型，对苏州茶园土壤和茶树叶片中的HM含量进行了检测，分析了HM与土壤理化性质的关系，并对茶园土壤中HM的生态风险进行了评价。结果表明，苏州太湖周边茶园土壤平均pH值在适宜茶树生长的范围内。满足优质、高效、高产（“3H”）茶园要求的茶园土壤pH值、土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷和有效钾分别占47.06%、26.47%、8.82%、79.41%和67.65%。2号样地完全满足“3H”茶园的要求。此外，镉（Cd）和汞（Hg）含量变化极大，平均含量超过江苏省土壤背景值，但茶叶中HM含量均符合无公害标准，苏州太湖周边茶叶中HM含量总体处于安全水平。综合生态风险指数在0.05至0.60之间，34个采样点中有32个（21号样地和23号样地除外）是最适宜种植茶树的农用地。
