Animal Physiology Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Department of Zoology, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria.
Sci Rep. 2024 Feb 16;14(1):3933. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-54523-w.
Naja nigricollis Venom (NnV) contains complex toxins that affects various vital systems functions after envenoming. The venom toxins have been reported to induce male reproductive disorders in envenomed rats. This present study explored the ameliorative potential of kaempferol on NnV-induced male reproductive toxicity. Fifty male wistar rats were sorted randomly into five groups (n = 10) for this study. Group 1 were noted as the control, while rats in groups 2 to 5 were injected with LD of NnV (1.0 mg/kg bw; i.p.). Group 2 was left untreated post envenomation while group 3 was treated with 0.2 ml of polyvalent antivenom. Groups 4 and 5 were treated with 4 and 8 mg/kg of kaempferol, respectively. NnV caused substantial reduction in concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone, testosterone and luteinizing hormone, while sperm motility, volume and counts significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in envenomed untreated rats. The venom enhanced malondialdehyde levels and substantially decreased glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the testes and epididymis of envenomed untreated rats. Additionally, epididymal and testicular myeloperoxidase activity and nitric oxide levels were elevated which substantiated severe morphological defects noticed in the reproductive organs. However, treatment of envenomed rats with kaempferol normalized the reproductive hormones with significant improvement on sperm functional parameters. Elevated inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in testis and epididymis were suppressed post kaempferol treatment. Severe histopathological lesions in the epididymal and testicular tissues were ameliorated in the envenomed treated groups. Results highlights the significance of kaempferol in mitigating reproductive toxicity induced after snakebite envenoming.
黑眉锦蛇毒液(NnV)含有复杂的毒素,在中毒后会影响各种重要系统的功能。据报道,毒液毒素会导致中毒大鼠的雄性生殖系统紊乱。本研究探讨了山柰酚对 NnV 诱导的雄性生殖毒性的改善潜力。将 50 只雄性 Wistar 大鼠随机分为五组(n=10)进行本研究。第 1 组为对照组,而第 2 至 5 组大鼠则注射 NnV 的 LD(1.0mg/kg bw;ip)。第 2 组在中毒后未进行治疗,而第 3 组则给予多价抗蛇毒血清。第 4 组和第 5 组分别给予 4 和 8mg/kg 的山柰酚。NnV 导致促卵泡激素、睾酮和黄体生成素浓度显著降低,而中毒未治疗大鼠的精子活力、体积和计数明显(p<0.05)降低。毒液增加了丙二醛水平,显著降低了睾丸和附睾中谷胱甘肽水平、超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性,中毒未治疗大鼠的附睾和睾丸髓过氧化物酶活性和一氧化氮水平升高,证实了生殖器官中观察到的严重形态缺陷。然而,用山柰酚治疗中毒大鼠使生殖激素正常化,并显著改善精子功能参数。睾丸和附睾中升高的炎症和氧化应激生物标志物在山柰酚治疗后得到抑制。中毒治疗组附睾和睾丸组织的严重组织病理学损伤得到改善。结果强调了山柰酚在减轻蛇咬伤中毒后引起的生殖毒性方面的重要性。
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