Fernie Julie C, Pettit Kevin A, Schaffer Michal, M Rausch Christopher
Heart Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
Pediatr Cardiol. 2025 Feb;46(2):349-354. doi: 10.1007/s00246-024-03410-2. Epub 2024 Feb 16.
The COVID-19 pandemic created significant disruptions to daily life. Lockdown effects resulted in decreased exercise capacity and increased blood pressure in adults and adolescents in the first year of the pandemic. We examined changes in exercise capacity (peak workload, ventilatory anaerobic threshold-VAT, and VO peak), resting BP, and peak exercise BP in children before the COVID-19 pandemic and throughout five 6-month intervals of the pandemic. 951 maximal cardiopulmonary exercise tests completed by healthy children aged ≤ 18 years were analyzed retrospectively. BP was auscultated. Tests were divided into pre-pandemic and six-month intervals starting from the declaration of the pandemic (Interval 1: March 11 2020-August 2020, Interval 2: September 2020-February 2021, Interval 3: March-August 2021, Interval 4: September 2021-February 2022, Interval 5: March-August 2022). Peak workload, VAT, and VO peak were unchanged from pre-pandemic baseline until Interval 3, when they were significantly decreased. Exercise capacity then returned to values unchanged from baseline. Peak exercise systolic BP was significantly higher than baseline in Intervals 2, 4, and 5. Resting systolic BP was significantly higher than baseline in Interval 5. There was no significant difference in age, sex, BMI, or peak exercise heart rate between intervals. Peak exercise BP was elevated above pre-pandemic baseline when exercise capacity was unchanged. The decrease in exercise capacity subsequently resolved, but the increase in post-exercise BP remained in Intervals 4 and 5. An increase in peak exercise BP preceded a small but significant increase in resting systolic BP.
新冠疫情给日常生活带来了重大干扰。封锁措施导致在疫情第一年，成年人和青少年的运动能力下降，血压升高。我们研究了新冠疫情之前以及疫情期间五个6个月时间段内儿童的运动能力（峰值工作量、通气无氧阈值-VAT和VO峰值）、静息血压和运动峰值血压的变化。对≤18岁健康儿童完成的951次最大心肺运动测试进行了回顾性分析。采用听诊法测量血压。测试分为疫情前阶段以及从疫情宣布开始的6个月时间段（时间段1：2020年3月11日至2020年8月，时间段2：2020年9月至2021年2月，时间段3：2021年3月至8月，时间段4：2021年9月至2022年2月，时间段5：2022年3月至8月）。直到时间段3，峰值工作量、VAT和VO峰值与疫情前基线相比没有变化，此时它们显著下降。随后运动能力恢复到与基线无变化的值。在时间段2、4和5，运动峰值收缩压显著高于基线。在时间段5，静息收缩压显著高于基线。各时间段之间在年龄、性别、BMI或运动峰值心率方面没有显著差异。当运动能力未改变时，运动峰值血压高于疫情前基线。随后运动能力的下降得到解决，但运动后血压的升高在时间段4和5仍然存在。运动峰值血压升高先于静息收缩压出现小幅但显著的升高。
