Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, European University of Lefke, Lefke, Mersin-10, Turkey.
DESAM Research Institute, Near East University, Nicosia, Mersin-10, Turkey.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2024 Jun;40(6):393-400. doi: 10.1089/AID.2023.0021. Epub 2024 Mar 22.
The distribution of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) subtypes indicates difference from region to region and in risk groups acquiring the disease worldwide. Although subtype C is more in terms of total cases, subtype B is dominant in certain regions, especially in western and central Europe. Molecular epidemiological studies are essential for the control, effective treatment, and understanding in transmission routes of HIV-1 infection. This study aims to determine the molecular epidemiology and antiretroviral drug resistance profiles of HIV-1 in northern Cyprus. The study involved 71 naive HIV-positive patients diagnosed in northern Cyprus between 2016 and 2022. HIV-1 subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) were identified by phylogenetic analysis (neighbor-joining method) of gene sequences. Drug resistance mutations were analyzed using the World Health Organization (WHO) lists of mutations for surveillance. The Stanford University HIVdb program was used to interpret drug resistance mutations. In our study, 40 of 71 samples were successfully sequenced. Subtype B of HIV-1 was dominant with a rate of 52.5%, followed by CRF02_AG (20%) and G (7.5%) subtypes. The rate of subtype B (71.4%) in northern Cyprus was significantly higher than in the other country of origin ( = .028). Antiretroviral drug resistance was found in 15% of the sequenced serum samples. Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), non-nucleoside nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), and protease inhibitor (PI) resistance rates were 10% (4/40), 7.5% (3/40), and 2.5% (1/40), respectively. According to the results, it is noteworthy that the dominant subtype circulating in northern Cyprus is the B subtype, and CRFs were detected at a higher rate than expected.
人类免疫缺陷病毒 1 型（HIV-1）亚型的分布表明，全球各地不同地区和不同疾病风险群体之间存在差异。虽然 C 亚型在总病例数方面占优势，但 B 亚型在某些地区更为常见，尤其是在西欧和中欧。分子流行病学研究对于 HIV-1 感染的控制、有效治疗和传播途径的理解至关重要。本研究旨在确定北塞浦路斯 HIV-1 的分子流行病学和抗逆转录病毒药物耐药性特征。该研究纳入了 2016 年至 2022 年间在北塞浦路斯诊断为 HIV 阳性的 71 名初治患者。通过基因序列的系统发育分析（邻接法）确定 HIV-1 亚型和循环重组形式（CRF）。使用世界卫生组织（WHO）耐药突变监测清单分析耐药突变。使用斯坦福大学 HIVdb 程序解释耐药突变。在本研究中，71 个样本中有 40 个成功测序。HIV-1 的 B 亚型占主导地位，比例为 52.5%，其次是 CRF02_AG（20%）和 G（7.5%）亚型。北塞浦路斯 B 亚型的比例（71.4%）明显高于其他原籍国（=0.028）。在测序的血清样本中发现了 15%的抗逆转录病毒药物耐药性。核苷/核苷酸逆转录酶抑制剂（NRTI）、非核苷核苷酸逆转录酶抑制剂（NNRTI）和蛋白酶抑制剂（PI）的耐药率分别为 10%（4/40）、7.5%（3/40）和 2.5%（1/40）。根据结果，值得注意的是，北塞浦路斯流行的主要亚型是 B 亚型，而且检测到的 CRF 比预期的要高。
