Ekin Merve, Akdal Gülden, Bora Emre
Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey; Institude of Psychology, SWPS University, Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey.
Schizophr Res. 2024 Apr;266:41-49. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.02.016. Epub 2024 Feb 16.
BACKGROUND: Antisaccade, which is described as looking at the opposite location of the target, is an eye movements paradigm used for assessing cognitive functions in schizophrenia. Initiation and sustainment of saccades in antisaccade are managed by frontal and parietal cortical areas. Antisaccade abnormalities are well-established findings in schizophrenia. However, studies in the early phases of psychotic disorders and clinical/familial risk for psychosis reported inconsistent findings. The current systematic review aimed to review the results of studies investigating antisaccade error rates in first-episode psychosis (FEP), individuals with ultra-high-risk for psychosis (UHRP), and familial-high-risk for psychosis (FHRP) compared to healthy controls. METHOD: A meta-analysis of 17 studies was conducted to quantitatively review antisaccade errors in FEP, UHR-P and FHRP. The error rate (Hedges'g) was compared between the total of 860 FEP, UHRP, FHRP, and 817 healthy controls. Hedges' g for effect size, I for estimating the percentage of variability, and publication bias were evaluated through the R software. RESULTS: The outcomes of this meta-analysis suggested that FEP is associated with a robust deficit in the antisaccade error rate (g = 1.16, CI = 0.95-1.38). Additionally, both the clinical and familial high-risk groups showed small but significant increases in AS errors (g = 0.26, CI = 0.02-0.52 and g = 0.34, CI = 0.13-0.55, respectively). CONCLUSION: The large effect size estimated for FEP was compatible with previously reported results in chronic schizophrenia patients. Additionally, relatives had abnormalities with small to medium effect sizes and significant differences. The current findings suggest that antisaccade errors might be a potential endophenotype for psychotic disorders.
背景:反眼跳,即看向目标相反位置,是一种用于评估精神分裂症认知功能的眼动范式。反眼跳中眼跳的启动和维持由额叶和顶叶皮质区域控制。反眼跳异常是精神分裂症中已得到充分证实的发现。然而,关于精神障碍早期阶段以及精神病临床/家族风险的研究报告结果并不一致。当前的系统评价旨在回顾与健康对照相比,调查首发精神病(FEP)、精神病超高风险个体(UHRP)和精神病家族高风险个体(FHRP)反眼跳错误率的研究结果。 方法:对17项研究进行荟萃分析,以定量回顾FEP、UHR - P和FHRP中的反眼跳错误。比较了总共860名FEP、UHRP和FHRP个体与817名健康对照的错误率(Hedges'g)。通过R软件评估效应大小的Hedges' g、估计变异性百分比的I以及发表偏倚。 结果:该荟萃分析的结果表明,FEP与反眼跳错误率的显著缺陷相关(g = 1.16,CI = 0.95 - 1.38)。此外,临床和家族高风险组的反眼跳错误均有小幅但显著增加(分别为g = 0.26,CI = 0.02 - 0.52和g = 0.34,CI = 0.13 - 0.55)。 结论:FEP估计的大效应大小与先前在慢性精神分裂症患者中报告的结果一致。此外,亲属存在效应大小为小到中等且有显著差异的异常。当前研究结果表明,反眼跳错误可能是精神障碍的一种潜在内表型。
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