State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
Cell Commun Signal. 2024 Feb 17;22(1):132. doi: 10.1186/s12964-024-01509-w.
Abnormal inflammatory states in the brain are associated with a variety of brain diseases. The dynamic changes in the number and function of immune cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are advantageous for the early prediction and diagnosis of immune diseases affecting the brain. The aggregated factors and cells in inflamed CSF may represent candidate targets for therapy. The physiological barriers in the brain, such as the blood‒brain barrier (BBB), establish a stable environment for the distribution of resident immune cells. However, the underlying mechanism by which peripheral immune cells migrate into the brain and their role in maintaining immune homeostasis in CSF are still unclear. To advance our understanding of the causal link between brain diseases and immune cell status, we investigated the characteristics of immune cell changes in CSF and the molecular mechanisms involved in common brain diseases. Furthermore, we summarized the diagnostic and treatment methods for brain diseases in which immune cells and related cytokines in CSF are used as targets. Further investigations of the new immune cell subtypes and their contributions to the development of brain diseases are needed to improve diagnostic specificity and therapy.
大脑中的异常炎症状态与多种脑部疾病有关。脑脊液（CSF）中免疫细胞数量和功能的动态变化有利于早期预测和诊断影响大脑的免疫性疾病。在炎症性 CSF 中聚集的因子和细胞可能代表治疗的候选靶点。大脑中的生理屏障，如血脑屏障（BBB），为驻留免疫细胞的分布建立了一个稳定的环境。然而，外周免疫细胞如何迁移到大脑中以及它们在 CSF 中维持免疫稳态中的作用仍不清楚。为了深入了解脑部疾病与免疫细胞状态之间的因果关系，我们研究了 CSF 中免疫细胞变化的特征以及常见脑部疾病涉及的分子机制。此外，我们总结了以 CSF 中的免疫细胞和相关细胞因子为靶点的脑部疾病的诊断和治疗方法。需要进一步研究新的免疫细胞亚型及其对脑部疾病发展的贡献，以提高诊断的特异性和治疗效果。
