Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Belcamp, MD, United States.
Nutrition Impact, 9725 D Drive North, Battle Creek, MI, United States.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2024 May;119(5):1309-1320. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.02.007. Epub 2024 Feb 17.
Changes in the United States food supply and food choices make examination of temporal changes in micronutrient intake and their effect on meeting nutrient recommendations necessary.
This study aimed to examine 15-year trends of the contribution of foods and beverages (FB) and dietary supplements (DSs) to meeting nutrient recommendations among United States adults aged 19 y or older and compare usual mean intake distributions of FB alone with those of FB+DSs with dietary reference intakes [percentage below the estimated average requirement (%<EAR) or above the adequate intake (%>AI)].
This cross-sectional study used food, beverage, and DSs intake data from NHANES 2003-2018 (N = 39,925) to determine usual mean intakes for 21 micronutrients. Changes in intakes from FB and from FB+DSs, by sex, were compared in a time-trend analysis of 2-y cycles. Changes in mean intake as %
Over the time studied, United States adults underconsumed vitamins A, C, D, E, and K; calcium; potassium; magnesium; and choline, even when DSs intake was included. Sodium was overconsumed. In males, there were significant increases in %<EAR for thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin C, iron, copper, and zinc for intakes from FB. When FB+DSs were considered, there were significant increases in %<EAR for thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B-12, vitamin C, copper, and zinc and significant decreases in %<EAR for vitamins D and E. In females, there were significant increases in %<EAR for vitamin C and zinc for intakes from FB and from FB+DSs; significant decreases in %<EAR for vitamins D and E, and magnesium for intakes from FB; and a significant decrease in %<EAR for vitamins A and E from FB+DSs.
Although some progress has been made, nutrient intake and percentage of the population meeting nutritional recommendations among United States adults has changed little over the 15 y studied.
美国食物供应和食物选择的变化使得有必要对微量营养素摄入的时间变化及其对满足营养素推荐摄入量的影响进行检查。
本研究旨在检查 15 年来美国 19 岁及以上成年人中食物和饮料(FB)以及膳食补充剂(DS)对满足营养素推荐摄入量的贡献趋势,并比较单独 FB 的常用平均摄入量分布与 FB+DS 的常用平均摄入量分布与膳食参考摄入量[估计平均需求量(%<EAR)以下或适宜摄入量(%>AI)以上]。
本横断面研究使用 2003-2018 年 NHANES 的食物、饮料和 DS 摄入量数据,确定 21 种微量营养素的常用平均摄入量。通过对 2 年周期的时间趋势分析,比较了 FB 和 FB+DS 摄入量的变化。确定了平均摄入量作为%
在所研究的时间内,即使考虑了 DS 的摄入量,美国成年人仍然缺乏维生素 A、C、D、E 和 K;钙;钾;镁;和胆碱。钠摄入过多。在男性中,FB 摄入的硫胺素、核黄素、维生素 C、铁、铜和锌的%<EAR 显著增加。当考虑 FB+DS 时,硫胺素、核黄素、维生素 B-12、维生素 C、铜和锌的%<EAR 显著增加,维生素 D 和 E 的%<EAR 显著减少。在女性中,FB 和 FB+DS 摄入的维生素 C 和锌的%<EAR 显著增加;FB 摄入的维生素 D 和 E、镁的%<EAR 显著减少;FB+DS 摄入的维生素 A 和 E 的%<EAR 显著减少。
尽管取得了一些进展,但在所研究的 15 年内,美国成年人的营养摄入和符合营养建议的人口比例变化不大。