Quann Erin E, Fulgoni Victor L, Auestad Nancy
Dairy Management Inc., 10255 West Higgins Road, Suite 900, 60018, Rosemont, IL, USA.
Nutrition Impact, LLC, 9725 D Drive North, 49014, Battle Creek, MI, USA.
Nutr J. 2015 Sep 4;14:90. doi: 10.1186/s12937-015-0057-5.
A large portion of Americans are not meeting the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for several essential vitamins and minerals due to poor dietary choices. Dairy products are a key source of many of the nutrients that are under consumed, but children and adults do not consume the recommended amounts from this food group. This study modeled the impact of meeting daily recommended amounts of dairy products on population-based nutrient intakes.
Two-day 24-h dietary recalls collected from participants ≥ 2 years (n = 8944) from the 2007-2010 What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. Databases available from the WWEIA/NHANES and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) were used to determine nutrient, food group, and dietary supplement intakes. Modeling was performed by adding the necessary number of dairy servings, using the dairy composite designed by USDA, to each participant's diet to meet the dairy recommendations outlined by the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. All analyses included sample weights to account for the NHANES survey design.
The majority of children 4 years and older (67.4-88.8%) and nearly all adults (99.0-99.6%) fall below the recommended 2.5-3 daily servings of dairy products. Increasing dairy consumption to recommended amounts would result in a significant reduction in the percent of adults with calcium, magnesium, and vitamin A intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) when considering food intake alone (0-2.0 vs. 9.9-91.1%; 17.3-75.0 vs. 44.7-88.5%; 0.1-15.1 vs. 15.3-48.0%, respectively), as well as food and dietary supplement intake. Minimal, but significant, improvements were observed for the percent of people below the EAR for vitamin D (91.7-99.9 vs. 91.8-99.9%), and little change was achieved for the large percentage of people below the Adequate Intake for potassium.
Increasing dairy food consumption to recommended amounts is one practical dietary change that could significantly improve the population's adequacy for certain vitamins and minerals that are currently under-consumed, as well as have a positive impact on health.
由于不良的饮食选择，很大一部分美国人未达到几种必需维生素和矿物质的膳食参考摄入量（DRI）。乳制品是许多摄入不足营养素的关键来源，但儿童和成人并未从该食物组中摄入推荐量。本研究模拟了达到乳制品每日推荐量对基于人群的营养素摄入量的影响。
分析了从2007 - 2010年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）中“我们吃什么在美国”项目收集的≥2岁参与者（n = 8944）的两日24小时饮食回忆。利用“我们吃什么在美国”/国家健康与营养检查调查以及美国农业部（USDA）提供的数据库来确定营养素、食物组和膳食补充剂的摄入量。通过使用美国农业部设计的乳制品组合，向每位参与者的饮食中添加必要数量的乳制品份数，以达到《2010年美国人膳食指南》概述的乳制品推荐量，从而进行建模。所有分析都纳入了样本权重以考虑国家健康与营养检查调查的抽样设计。
4岁及以上的大多数儿童（67.4 - 88.8%）以及几乎所有成年人（99.0 - 99.6%）的乳制品摄入量低于推荐的每日2.5 - 3份。仅考虑食物摄入量时，将乳制品消费量增加到推荐量会使钙、镁和维生素A摄入量低于估计平均需求量（EAR）的成年人比例显著降低（分别为0 - 2.0%对9.9 - 91.1%；17.3 - 75.0%对44.7 - 88.5%；0.1 - 15.1%对15.3 - 48.0%），同时食物和膳食补充剂摄入量也会降低。对于维生素D摄入量低于EAR的人群比例观察到极小但显著的改善（91.7 - 99.9%对91.8 - 99.9%），而对于大量钾摄入量低于适宜摄入量的人群几乎没有变化。
将乳制品消费量增加到推荐量是一项切实可行的饮食改变，可显著提高人群对目前摄入不足的某些维生素和矿物质的充足摄入量，并对健康产生积极影响。
