Methyl gallate from Chi flowers reduces quorum sensing related virulence and biofilm formation against .

, a Gram-negative zoonotic bacterium, causes high mortality in fish farming and immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to extract methyl gallate (MG) from the flowers of Chi and evaluate its potential as a quorum sensing inhibitor (QSI) against SHAe 115. MG reduced QS-associated virulence factors, including hemolysis, protease, and lipase, while impairing swimming motility and biofilm formation. Additionally, MG down-regulated positive regulatory genes (, ) and up-regulated negative regulators (, ). This highlights MG's promise as a potent QSI for SHAe 115, advancing strategies against infections in aquaculture and human health.