Shahid Khan Md, Alamgir Kabir Mohammad, Mohammad Tareq Shafi
Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.
Department of Statistics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.
Prev Med Rep. 2024 Jan 14;38:102614. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102614. eCollection 2024 Feb.
There are unexpectedly a few statistics about the socio-economic status (SES) and related socio-demographic factors (SDFs) of parents having child with ASD in Bangladesh. The prevalence of ASD might correlate with SES and related SDFs. A case-control study was conducted in 24 locations across 21 districts, encompassing all divisions, to assess the association between SES and the risk of developing ASD in Bangladesh. The structured questionnaire was administered through face-to-face interviews with 620 parents of the subject (310 ASD and 310 healthy controls) from January 2020 to June 2021. For univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses, IBM SPSS version 23 was employed. The significance level was set at ≤ 0.05, and the Odds Ratio (OR) within a 95 % CI was used to determine whether the variable poses a higher odd or not. After adjusting all significant covariates of binary logistic regression (including some dummy variables) in forward logistic regression model analysis, the higher level of SES, advanced level of father's education (≥master), 22-35 years old age group of the father, and nuclear family were strongly associated with decreased odds of ASD compared to healthy controls. Only the male gender was strongly associated with an increased odds of ASD compared to the control. The results will aid policymakers in developing plans considering the SES and related SDFs that influence the risk of developing ASD in Bangladesh. Further research using population-based cohorts or nested case-control designs with matched control is necessary to observe and generalize the association.
在孟加拉国，关于患有自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童的父母的社会经济地位（SES）及相关社会人口学因素（SDFs）的统计数据出乎意料地少。ASD的患病率可能与SES及相关SDFs相关。在涵盖所有行政区的21个区的24个地点进行了一项病例对照研究，以评估孟加拉国SES与患ASD风险之间的关联。2020年1月至2021年6月，通过对620名受试者的父母（310名ASD患儿父母和310名健康对照父母）进行面对面访谈来发放结构化问卷。单变量、双变量和多变量分析采用IBM SPSS 23版。显著性水平设定为≤0.05，使用95%置信区间内的优势比（OR）来确定该变量是否具有更高的优势。在向前逻辑回归模型分析中对二元逻辑回归的所有显著协变量（包括一些虚拟变量）进行调整后，与健康对照相比，较高的SES水平、父亲的高等教育水平（≥硕士）、父亲年龄在22 - 35岁之间以及核心家庭与ASD的较低患病几率密切相关。与对照组相比，只有男性性别与ASD的较高患病几率密切相关。研究结果将有助于政策制定者在制定计划时考虑影响孟加拉国ASD患病风险的SES及相关SDFs。有必要使用基于人群的队列研究或匹配对照的巢式病例对照设计进行进一步研究，以观察并归纳这种关联。
