Nurulaqmar Iwani Samsudin, Kamaruzaman Marlena, Jawami Afiq Azizi
Centre of Comprehensive Care Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sg Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Saudi Dent J. 2024 Jan;36(1):129-133. doi: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.10.009. Epub 2023 Oct 12.
Variations in anatomic apex and apical foramina of root canals are common in different teeth types. The sophisticated 3D micro-CT aids researchers in investigating the apical morphology, such as the apical foramen (AF) and constriction (AC).
To measure the length between the foramen and the apex and the physiological length to the apex, in lower premolar teeth. Furthermore, a measurement was conducted on the average length from the foramen to the apex of the lower premolar teeth with respect to the presence of clinical and non-clinical signs.
A total of 80 lower premolar teeth were selected based on the inclusion criteria. All samples were scanned using micro-CT ZEISS X-Radia (17 µm), and the datasets were analysed. The root canal AF and AC were reconstructed using Drishti software (V3.0) by utilising a 4-digit system code in millimetres (mm).
More than half of the lower premolars (n = 47, 58.8 %) demonstrated a clinical signs presentation, while the rest had a non-clinical sign (n = 33, 41.3 %). There was a significant difference (p = 0.013) between the non-clinical and clinical groups in the mean length from the apical foramen to the apex (AFA) at 0.59 mm and 0.47 mm, respectively. Meanwhile, the non-clinical and clinical mean length from apical constriction to apex (ACA) were 0.75 mm and 0.73 mm, and the mean length from AF to AC (AFC) was 0.48 mm and 0.53 mm, respectively. Nonetheless, no significant differences were detected between the ACA and AFC of non-clinical and clinical groups.
The clinical signs presentation observed in lower premolars mainly affected the apical morphology, particularly the position and length of the root AF, and less so the AC position and length. Therefore, the information is useful for clinical purposes.
根管的解剖根尖和根尖孔在不同牙型中存在变异是常见现象。先进的三维显微CT有助于研究人员探究根尖形态，如根尖孔（AF）和缩窄处（AC）。
测量下颌前磨牙根尖孔与根尖之间的长度以及根尖的生理长度。此外，针对有无临床症状的情况，对下颌前磨牙根尖孔到根尖的平均长度进行测量。
根据纳入标准共选取80颗下颌前磨牙。所有样本均使用蔡司X-Radia显微CT（17微米）进行扫描，并对数据集进行分析。利用Drishti软件（V3.0），通过使用以毫米（mm）为单位的四位数字系统编码，重建根管的AF和AC。
超过半数的下颌前磨牙（n = 47，58.8%）表现出临床症状，其余则无临床症状（n = 33，41.3%）。非临床组和临床组从根尖孔到根尖的平均长度（AFA）分别为0.59毫米和0.47毫米，差异有统计学意义（p = 0.013）。同时，非临床组和临床组从根尖缩窄处到根尖的平均长度（ACA）分别为0.75毫米和0.73毫米，从AF到AC的平均长度（AFC）分别为0.48毫米和0.53毫米。然而，非临床组和临床组的ACA和AFC之间未检测到显著差异。
在下颌前磨牙中观察到的临床症状表现主要影响根尖形态，特别是牙根AF的位置和长度，而对AC的位置和长度影响较小。因此，该信息对临床具有重要意义。
