Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2024 Apr;15(2):466-476. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.13440. Epub 2024 Feb 20.
Exercise is recognized to play an observable role in improving human health, especially in promoting muscle hypertrophy and intervening in muscle mass loss-related diseases, including sarcopenia. Recent rapid advances have demonstrated that exercise induces the release of abundant cytokines from several tissues (e.g., liver, muscle, and adipose tissue), and multiple cytokines improve the functions or expand the numbers of adult stem cells, providing candidate cytokines for alleviating a wide range of diseases. Muscle satellite cells (SCs) are a population of muscle stem cells that are mitotically quiescent but exit from the dormancy state to become activated in response to physical stimuli, after which SCs undergo asymmetric divisions to generate new SCs (stem cell pool maintenance) and commit to later differentiation into myocytes (skeletal muscle replenishment). SCs are essential for the postnatal growth, maintenance, and regeneration of skeletal muscle. Emerging evidence reveals that exercise regulates muscle function largely via the exercise-induced cytokines that govern SC potential, but this phenomenon is complicated and confusing. This review provides a comprehensive integrative overview of the identified exercise-induced cytokines and the roles of these cytokines in SC function, providing a more complete picture regarding the mechanism of SC homeostasis and rejuvenation therapies for skeletal muscle.
运动被认为在改善人类健康方面发挥着显著作用，特别是在促进肌肉肥大和干预与肌肉质量损失相关的疾病方面，包括肌肉减少症。最近的快速发展表明，运动从多种组织（如肝脏、肌肉和脂肪组织）中诱导大量细胞因子的释放，并且多种细胞因子改善成年干细胞的功能或扩大其数量，为缓解广泛疾病提供了候选细胞因子。肌肉卫星细胞（SCs）是一群肌肉干细胞，它们处于有丝分裂静止状态，但在物理刺激下退出休眠状态而被激活，之后SCs 经历不对称分裂，产生新的 SC（干细胞池维持）并进一步分化为肌细胞（骨骼肌补充）。SCs 对于骨骼肌的出生后生长、维持和再生至关重要。新出现的证据表明，运动主要通过调节 SC 潜能的运动诱导细胞因子来调节肌肉功能，但这种现象很复杂和令人困惑。本综述全面综合了已确定的运动诱导细胞因子及其在 SC 功能中的作用，为了解 SC 动态平衡和骨骼肌再生治疗的机制提供了更完整的画面。
