Insights into the mechanism of transcription factors in Pb-induced apoptosis.

The health risks associated with exposure to heavy metals, such as Pb, are increasingly concerning the public. Pb can cause significant harm to the human body through oxidative stress, autophagy, inflammation, and DNA damage, disrupting cellular homeostasis and ultimately leading to cell death. Among these mechanisms, apoptosis is considered crucial. It has been confirmed that transcription factors play a central role as mediators during the apoptosis process. Interestingly, these transcription factors have different effects on apoptosis depending on the concentration and duration of Pb exposure. In this article, we systematically summarize the significant roles of several transcription factors in Pb-induced apoptosis. This information provides insights into therapeutic strategies and prognostic biomarkers for diseases related to Pb exposure.