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INTRODUCTION

With current trends in global climate change, both flooding episodes and higher levels of CO have been key factors to impact plant growth and stress tolerance. Very little is known about how both factors can influence the microbiome diversity and function, especially in tolerant soybean cultivars. This work aims to (i) elucidate the impact of flooding stress and increased levels of CO on the plant defenses and (ii) understand the microbiome diversity during flooding stress and elevated CO (eCO).

METHODS

We used next-generation sequencing and bioinformatic methods to show the impact of natural flooding and eCO on the microbiome architecture of soybean plants' below- (soil) and above-ground organs (root and shoot). We used high throughput rhizospheric extra-cellular enzymes and molecular analysis of plant defense-related genes to understand microbial diversity in plant responses during eCO and flooding.

RESULTS

Results revealed that bacterial and fungal diversity was substantially higher in combined flooding and eCO treatments than in non-flooding control. Microbial diversity was soil>root>shoot in response to flooding and eCO. We found that sole treatment of eCO and flooding had significant abundances of , and . Whereas the combination of flooding and eCO2 conditions showed a significant abundance of and . Rhizospheric extra-cellular enzyme activities were significantly higher in eCO than flooding or its combination with eCO. Plant defense responses were significantly regulated by the oxidative stress enzyme activities and gene expression of and in floodings and eCO treatments in soybean plant root or shoot parts.

CONCLUSION

This work suggests that climatic-induced changes in eCO and submergence can reshape microbiome structure and host defenses, essential in plant breeding and developing stress-tolerant crops. This work can help in identifying core-microbiome species that are unique to flooding stress environments and increasing eCO.

INTRODUCTION

METHODS

RESULTS

CONCLUSION

引言

随着全球气候变化的当前趋势，洪水事件和更高水平的一氧化碳已成为影响植物生长和胁迫耐受性的关键因素。对于这两个因素如何影响微生物群落多样性和功能，尤其是在耐受性大豆品种中，人们了解甚少。这项工作旨在（i）阐明洪水胁迫和二氧化碳水平升高对植物防御的影响，以及（ii）了解洪水胁迫和高浓度二氧化碳（eCO）期间的微生物群落多样性。

方法

我们使用下一代测序和生物信息学方法来展示自然洪水和eCO对大豆植物地下（土壤）和地上器官（根和茎）微生物群落结构的影响。我们使用高通量根际细胞外酶和植物防御相关基因的分子分析来了解eCO和洪水期间植物反应中的微生物多样性。

结果

结果表明，洪水和eCO联合处理中的细菌和真菌多样性显著高于非洪水对照。响应洪水和eCO，微生物多样性为土壤>根>茎。我们发现，单独的eCO和洪水处理中，、和的丰度显著。而洪水和eCO2条件的组合显示和的丰度显著。eCO中的根际细胞外酶活性显著高于洪水或其与eCO的组合。大豆植物根或茎部分的洪水和eCO处理中，植物防御反应受到氧化应激酶活性以及和基因表达的显著调节。