Singh Deepti, Khan Mohammad Afsar, Mishra Dhruv, Goel Aditya, Ansari Mairaj Ahmed, Akhtar Kafil, Siddique Hifzur R
Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
Department of Zoology, DAV College (PG), Maa Shakumbhari University, Muzaffarnagar-251001, India.
Transl Oncol. 2024 May;43:101920. doi: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101920. Epub 2024 Feb 22.
BACKGROUND: The "one drug-one target" paradigm has various limitations affecting drug efficacy, such as resistance profiles and adverse effects. Combinational therapies help reduce unexpected off-target effects and accelerate therapeutic efficacy. Sorafenib- an FDA-approved drug for liver cancer, has multiple limitations. Therefore, it is recommended to identify an agent that increases its effectiveness and reduces toxicity. In this regard, Apigenin, a plant flavone, would be an excellent option to explore. METHODS: We used in silico, in vitro, and animal models to explore our hypothesis. For the in vitro study, HepG2 and Huh7 cells were exposed to Apigenin (12-96 μM) and Sorafenib (1-10 μM). For the in vivo study, Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) (25 mg/kg) induced tumor-bearing animals were given Apigenin (50 mg/kg) or Sorafenib (10 mg/kg) alone and combined. Apigenin's bioavailability was checked by UPLC. Tumor nodules were studied macroscopically and by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Biochemical analysis, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and qRT-PCR were done. RESULTS: The results revealed Apigenin's good bioavailability. In silico study showed binding affinity of both chemicals with p53, NANOG, ß-Catenin, c-MYC, and TLR4. We consistently observed a better therapeutic efficacy in combination than alone treatment. Combination treatment showed i) better cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction, and cell cycle arrest of tumor cells, ii) tumor growth reduction, iii) increased expression of p53 and decreased Cd10, Nanog, ß-Catenin, c-Myc, Afp, and Tlr4. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, Apigenin could enhance the therapeutic efficacy of Sorafenib against liver cancer and may be a promising therapeutic approach for treating HCC. However, further research is imperative to gain more in-depth mechanistic insights.
背景:“一种药物一个靶点”模式存在多种影响药物疗效的局限性,如耐药性和不良反应。联合疗法有助于减少意外的脱靶效应并加速治疗效果。索拉非尼——一种经美国食品药品监督管理局批准用于治疗肝癌的药物,存在多种局限性。因此,建议寻找一种能提高其疗效并降低毒性的药物。在这方面,芹菜素,一种植物黄酮,将是一个值得探索的极佳选择。 方法:我们使用计算机模拟、体外和动物模型来探究我们的假设。在体外研究中,将HepG2和Huh7细胞暴露于芹菜素(12 - 96 μM)和索拉非尼(1 - 10 μM)中。在体内研究中,给二乙基亚硝胺(DEN)(25 mg/kg)诱导的荷瘤动物单独或联合给予芹菜素(50 mg/kg)或索拉非尼(10 mg/kg)。通过超高效液相色谱法检测芹菜素的生物利用度。对肿瘤结节进行宏观和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究。进行生化分析、组织病理学、免疫组织化学和定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)。 结果:结果显示芹菜素具有良好的生物利用度。计算机模拟研究表明两种化学物质与p53、NANOG、β - 连环蛋白、c - MYC和TLR4均具有结合亲和力。我们始终观察到联合治疗比单独治疗具有更好的疗效。联合治疗显示出:i)对肿瘤细胞具有更好的细胞毒性、诱导凋亡和细胞周期阻滞作用;ii)肿瘤生长减缓;iii)p53表达增加,Cd10、Nanog、β - 连环蛋白、c - Myc、甲胎蛋白(Afp)和Tlr4表达降低。 结论:总之,芹菜素可增强索拉非尼对肝癌的治疗效果,可能是一种有前景的治疗肝癌的方法。然而,必须进行进一步研究以获得更深入的机制见解。
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