Granulocyte transfusions in life-threatening infections of children with hemato-oncological diseases.

Granulocytes are the most important cells for host defense during infections. Granulocyte suspension transfusions (GTx) may be given as additional treatment in severely neutropenic patients with life-threatening infections when antimicrobial therapy is inadequate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of GTx for the treatment of children with hemato-oncological disease, febrile neutropenia and serious life-threatening infections. Patients who underwent GTx between July 2020 and September 2022 were evaluated retrospectively. Hematologic and clinical response rates, adverse effects, characteristics of infection episodes and survival data of the patients were analyzed. During the study period, 60 patients received a total of 313 GTx for 81 infection episodes with a median number of GTx/infection episode of 3 (range 1-29). The median neutrophil count per bag was 20.8 (range 7.9-68.3) × 10 and the median neutrophil count per kg body weight was 0.82 (range 0.17-9.2) × 10. Clinical response was 85 %. Clinical response decreased significantly as the duration of neutropenia increased (p = 0.002). Hematologic response was calculated in 198 GTx (GTx given with pre-transfusion neutrophil count ≤ 0.5 × 10/L); hematologic response rate was 34 %. The infection-related mortality was 15 % and overall survival rate was 87 % and 70 % on days 30 and 90, respectively. No serious side effects were observed in any patient. Granulocyte transfusions appear to be safe and effective supportive treatment in neutropenic children with hematologic/oncologic diseases and severe infections.