Thermodynamics, kinetics, and computational fluid dynamics modeling of Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhi inactivation during the thermosonication process of celery juice.

In this study, thermosonication (37 KHz, 300 W; 50, 60, and 70 °C) of celery juice was performed to inactivate Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhi in 6 min. The inactivation of pathogens and the process were modeled using mathematical, thermodynamic, and computational fluid dynamics models. The findings indicated that the distribution of power dissipation density was not uniform across the entire domain, including the beaker area, with a maximum value of 27.8 × 10 W/m. At lower temperatures, E. coli showed a 9.4 % higher resistance to sonication, while at higher temperatures, S. Typhi had a 5.4 % higher durability than E. coli. Increasing the temperature decreased the maximum inactivation rate of both S. Typhi and E. coli by 15.5 % and 20.5 % respectively, while increasing the thermal level by 20 °C reduced the log time to achieve the maximum inactivation rate by 20.3 % and 34.9 % for S. Typhi and E. coli respectively, highlighting the stronger effect of sonication at higher temperatures. According to the results, the positive magnitudes of ΔG were observed in both E. coli and S. Typhi, indicating a similar range of variations. Additionally, the magnitude of ΔG increased by approximately 5.2 to 5.5 % for both microorganisms which suggested the inactivation process was not spontaneous.