Department of Chemistry, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 1465613111, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2024 Feb 26;14(1):4671. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-54178-7.
Plant sterols are used as a supplement or an additive to reduce LDL cholesterol. The poor dispersibility and instability of phytosterols are the main limitations of their application. So, we tried to overcome these problems through nanoencapsulation of them with colloidal natural RSs (SLNs) using an effective approach to achieve higher efficiency and less intrinsic coagulation. Phytosterols extracted from flax seeds oil with caffeine by a new method were encapsulated with a stable colloid of sheep fat and ostrich oil (1:2), soy lecithin, and glucose through co-sonicated coacervation. Characterization of the obtained SLNs was conducted using FTIR, UV-Vis, SEM, DLS, and GC analysis. The three-factor three-level Behnken design (BBD) was used to prioritize the factors affecting the coacervation process to optimize particle size and loading capacity of SLNs. Operational conditions were examined, revealing that the size of SLNs was below 100 nm, with a phytosterols content (EE %) of 85.46% with high positive zeta potential. The nanocapsules' anti-microbial activity and drug-release behavior were then evaluated using the CFU count method and Beer-Lambert's law, respectively. The controlled release of nanocapsules (below 20%) at ambient temperature has been tested. The stability of nano-encapsulated phytosterols was investigated for six months. All results show that this green optimal coacervation is a better way than conventional methods to produce stable SLNs for the nanoencapsulation of phytosterols.
植物甾醇被用作补充剂或添加剂，以降低 LDL 胆固醇。植物甾醇的分散性差和不稳定性是其应用的主要限制。因此，我们试图通过胶体天然 RSs（SLNs）的纳米封装来克服这些问题，采用有效方法实现更高的效率和较少的固有凝聚。通过一种新方法，从亚麻籽油中用咖啡因提取的植物甾醇，通过协同超声凝聚，用稳定的绵羊脂肪和鸵鸟油（1:2）胶体、大豆卵磷脂和葡萄糖进行包封。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、紫外可见光谱（UV-Vis）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、动态光散射（DLS）和气相色谱（GC）分析对所得 SLNs 进行了表征。采用三因素三水平的 Box-Behnken 设计（BBD）来优先考虑影响凝聚过程的因素，以优化 SLNs 的粒径和载药量。考察了操作条件，结果表明 SLNs 的粒径小于 100nm，植物甾醇含量（EE%）为 85.46%，具有高正zeta 电位。然后使用 CFU 计数法和 Beer-Lambert 定律分别评估了纳米胶囊的抗菌活性和药物释放行为。在环境温度下测试了纳米胶囊的控制释放（低于 20%）。考察了纳米封装植物甾醇的稳定性，结果表明在六个月内稳定。所有结果表明，这种绿色最佳凝聚是一种优于常规方法的方法，可用于生产稳定的 SLNs，用于植物甾醇的纳米封装。
