Dalbhagat Chandrakant Genu, Nithya A, Mandliya Shubham, Vishwakarma Siddharth, Mishra Hari Niwas
Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India.
Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha 769008 India.
J Food Sci Technol. 2024 Apr;61(4):706-716. doi: 10.1007/s13197-023-05871-4. Epub 2023 Nov 8.
Fortified rice kernels (FRK) are a vitamin-mineral enriched extruded rice-shaped product blended with raw or parboiled rice in a 1:100 ratio to prepare fortified rice. In FRK manufacturing, drying is one of the essential steps that affect the quality of FRK. In the present study, the microwave technique was explored to dry FRK continuously at 180, 360, and 540 W and with the tempering (1, 2, and 3 min) at 180 W to evaluate the effects on the drying curves, color attributes, fissure formation, and cooking characteristics. Thin layer modeling suggested the Two-term exponential model (two parameters), diffusion model (three parameters), and Midilli Kucuk (four parameters) as the best models to predict moisture based on Akaike and Bayesian information criteria. The higher MWP (360 and 540 W) significantly lowered the L* and WI while increasing the a*, b*, and BI compared to 180 W, which was undesirable. Image processing showed fissures in all FRK samples; however, 1 min and 2 min tempering could somewhat restrict the fissure. The fissures caused higher solid losses and increased splitting of kernels during cooking. It can be concluded that the low MWP (< 180W) with appropriate tempering time can be used to dry FRK.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-023-05871-4.
强化米颗粒（FRK）是一种富含维生素和矿物质的挤压成型米状产品，与生米或预煮米按1:100的比例混合以制备强化米。在FRK生产中，干燥是影响FRK质量的关键步骤之一。在本研究中，探索了微波技术在180、360和540W功率下连续干燥FRK，并在180W功率下进行调质（1、2和3分钟），以评估对干燥曲线、颜色属性、裂纹形成和蒸煮特性的影响。薄层建模表明，基于赤池信息准则和贝叶斯信息准则，双项指数模型（两个参数）、扩散模型（三个参数）和Midilli Kucuk模型（四个参数）是预测水分的最佳模型。与180W相比，较高的微波功率（360和540W）显著降低了L和WI，同时增加了a、b*和BI，这是不理想的。图像处理显示所有FRK样品中都有裂纹；然而，1分钟和2分钟的调质可以在一定程度上限制裂纹。这些裂纹导致更高的固体损失，并增加了蒸煮过程中颗粒的破碎。可以得出结论，低微波功率（<180W）并结合适当的调质时间可用于干燥FRK。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s13197-023-05871-4获取的补充材料。
