Interfacial Polarization Locked Flexible β-Phase Glycine/NbCT Piezoelectric Nanofibers.

Biomolecular piezoelectric materials show great potential in the field of wearable and implantable biomedical devices. Here, a self-assemble approach is developed to fabricating flexible β-glycine piezoelectric nanofibers with interfacial polarization locked aligned crystal domains induced by NbCT nanosheets. Acted as an effective nucleating agent, NbCT nanosheets can induce glycine to crystallize from edges toward flat surfaces on its 2D crystal plane and form a distinctive eutectic structure within the nanoconfined space. The interfacial polarization locking formed between O atom on glycine and Nb atom on NbCT is essential to align the β-glycine crystal domains with (001) crystal plane intensity extremely improved. This β-phase glycine/NbCT nanofibers (Gly-NbC-NFs) exhibit fabulous mechanical flexibility with Young's modulus of 10 MPa, and an enhanced piezoelectric coefficient of 5.0 pC N or piezoelectric voltage coefficient of 129 × 10Vm N. The interface polarization locking greatly improves the thermostability of β-glycine before melting (≈210°C). A piezoelectric sensor based on this Gly-NbC-NFs is used for micro-vibration sensing in vivo in mice and exhibits excellent sensing ability. This strategy provides an effective approach for the regular crystallization modulation for glycine crystals, opening a new avenue toward the design of piezoelectric biomolecular materials induced by 2D materials.