Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2024 Feb 27;39(1):164-172. doi: 10.11607/jomi.10418.
To report the prevalence of early implant failure and evaluate factors that contribute to the early failure of dental implants placed at a teaching clinic. The study also aims to identify risk indicators for early implant loss to better predict and prevent early implant loss in the future.
This retrospective study included all patients with a dental implant placed by the Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, between January 2011 and December 2018. All information was collected from operation logbooks and from patient records. A failed implant in this study was defined as an implant lost before functional loading.
A total of 1,005 dental implants were placed in the studied time period, of which 54 failed early, giving an early failure rate (EFR) of 5.4%, with functional loading obtained for the remaining 94.6%. Analysis showed an increased hazard for early implant failure among smokers, men, and younger patients. With an age increase of 10 years, the risk of implant failure was reduced by 14% (hazard ratio [HRR] = 0.86, P = .037). A higher failure rate was found in anterior maxillary implants than in posterior maxillary implants (7.79% vs 3.29%, respectively; HRR = 0.47; P = .041). The probability for early failure in the posterior mandible was significantly increased compared to the posterior maxilla (HRR = 3.68, P = .005). If the first implant failed, it was more likely that the consecutive implant would also fail (HRR = 1.82). In the study, 53.4% of the placed implants were Straumann (EFR = 5.2%), 30.3% were Nobel Biocare (EFR = 7.2%), and 16.3% were Astra Tech (EFR = 2.5%).
This study found that younger, male, and smoker patients were associated with an increase in early failure of dental implants. Significantly increased failure rates were also seen for implants placed in the mandible, and there were differences with respect to implant system. Although differences were found in early failure both for patient- and implant-related factors, the overall early failure rate (5.4%) in this study was low.
报告早期种植体失败的发生率，并评估导致牙种植体早期失败的因素。本研究还旨在确定种植体早期失败的风险指标，以便更好地预测和预防未来的种植体早期失败。
本回顾性研究纳入了 2011 年 1 月至 2018 年 12 月期间，在卑尔根大学临床牙科学院口腔外科和口腔医学科植入牙种植体的所有患者。所有信息均从手术日志和患者记录中收集。本研究中，失败的种植体是指在功能负荷前丢失的种植体。
在研究期间共植入 1005 颗牙种植体，其中 54 颗早期失败，早期失败率（EFR）为 5.4%，其余 94.6%获得了功能负荷。分析表明，吸烟者、男性和年轻患者的早期种植体失败风险增加。年龄每增加 10 岁，种植体失败的风险降低 14%（风险比[HRR] = 0.86，P =.037）。在前上颌植入物中的失败率高于后上颌植入物（分别为 7.79%和 3.29%；HRR = 0.47；P =.041）。与后上颌相比，下颌后区的早期失败概率显著增加（HRR = 3.68，P =.005）。如果第一个种植体失败，那么后续种植体也更有可能失败（HRR = 1.82）。在研究中，53.4%的种植体为士卓曼（EFR = 5.2%），30.3%为诺贝尔生物（EFR = 7.2%），16.3%为阿斯特拉泰克（EFR = 2.5%）。
本研究发现，年轻、男性和吸烟者患者的牙种植体早期失败风险增加。下颌植入物的失败率也显著增加，并且与种植体系统有关。尽管在患者和植入物相关因素方面都发现了早期失败的差异，但本研究的总体早期失败率（5.4%）较低。
