Lin Xue, Wang Ye, He Yanqi
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
J Inflamm (Lond). 2024 Feb 28;21(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s12950-024-00376-z.
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an atypical subset of T lymphocytes, which have a highly conserved semi-constant αβ chain of T-cell receptor (TCR) and recognize microbe-derived vitamin B metabolites via major histocompatibility complex class I related-1 molecule (MR1). MAIT cells get activated mainly through unique TCR-dependent and TCR-independent pathways, and express multiple functional and phenotypic traits, including innate-like functionality, T helper (Th) 1 cell immunity, Th 17 cell immunity, and tissue homing. Given the functions, MAIT cells are extensively reported to play a key role in mucosal homeostasis and infectious diseases. In the current work, we review the basic characteristics of MAIT cells and their roles in mucosal homeostasis and development of respiratory infectious diseases as well as their potential therapeutic targets.
黏膜相关恒定T（MAIT）细胞是T淋巴细胞的一个非典型亚群，其具有高度保守的T细胞受体（TCR）半恒定αβ链，并通过主要组织相容性复合体I类相关分子1（MR1）识别微生物衍生的维生素B代谢产物。MAIT细胞主要通过独特的TCR依赖性和TCR非依赖性途径被激活，并表达多种功能和表型特征，包括固有样功能、辅助性T（Th）1细胞免疫、Th17细胞免疫和组织归巢。鉴于这些功能，MAIT细胞在黏膜稳态和传染病中发挥关键作用的报道广泛。在当前工作中，我们综述了MAIT细胞的基本特征、它们在黏膜稳态和呼吸道传染病发展中的作用以及它们潜在的治疗靶点。
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