Laricchiuta Daniela, Papi Martina, Decandia Davide, Panuccio Anna, Cutuli Debora, Peciccia Maurizio, Mazzeschi Claudia, Petrosini Laura
Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
Laboratory of Experimental and Behavioral Neurophysiology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2024 Feb 14;18:1358450. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1358450. eCollection 2024.
Schizophrenia is a complex and severe mental disorder that affects approximately 1% of the global population. It is characterized by a wide range of symptoms, including delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, and cognitive impairment. Recent research has suggested that the immune system dysregulation may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and glial cells, such as astroglia and microglia known to be involved in neuroinflammation and immune regulation, have emerged as potential players in this process. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the glial hallmarks of schizophrenia, choosing as cellular candidate the astroglia and microglia, and focusing also on disease-associated psychological (cognitive and emotional) changes. We conducted a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for articles that investigated the differences in astroglia and microglia in patients with schizophrenia, published in the last 5 years. The present systematic review indicates that changes in the density, morphology, and functioning of astroglia and microglia may be involved in the development of schizophrenia. The glial alterations may contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia by dysregulating neurotransmission and immune responses, worsening cognitive capabilities. The complex interplay of astroglial and microglial activation, genetic/epigenetic variations, and cognitive assessments underscores the intricate relationship between biological mechanisms, symptomatology, and cognitive functioning in schizophrenia.
精神分裂症是一种复杂且严重的精神障碍，影响着全球约1%的人口。其特征表现为一系列广泛的症状，包括妄想、幻觉、言语和行为紊乱以及认知障碍。最近的研究表明，免疫系统失调可能在精神分裂症的发病机制中起重要作用，而诸如星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞等已知参与神经炎症和免疫调节的胶质细胞，已成为这一过程中的潜在参与者。本系统综述的目的是总结精神分裂症的胶质细胞特征，选择星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞作为细胞候选对象，并关注与疾病相关的心理（认知和情感）变化。我们按照系统评价与Meta分析的首选报告项目指南进行了系统综述。我们在PubMed、Scopus和科学网中搜索了过去5年发表的研究精神分裂症患者星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞差异的文章。本系统综述表明，星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞的密度、形态和功能变化可能与精神分裂症的发展有关。胶质细胞改变可能通过调节神经传递和免疫反应失调、恶化认知能力，从而导致精神分裂症的发病机制。星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞激活、遗传/表观遗传变异以及认知评估之间的复杂相互作用，突显了精神分裂症生物学机制、症状学和认知功能之间的复杂关系。
