Institute for Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany.
Institute for Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany.
Cortex. 2024 Apr;173:187-207. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.02.003. Epub 2024 Feb 20.
Social evaluative feedback informs the receiver of the other's views, which may contain judgments of personality-related traits and/or the level of likability. Such kinds of social evaluative feedback are of particular importance to humans. Event-related potentials (ERPs) can directly measure where in the processing stream feedback valence, expectancy, or contextual relevance modulate information processing. This review provides an overview and systematization of studies and early, mid-latency, and late ERP effects. Early effects were inconsistently reported for all factors. Feedback valence effects are more consistently reported for specific mid-latency ERPs (Reward Positivity, RewP, and Early Posterior Negativity, EPN) and late positivities (P3 and Late Positive Potential, LPP). Unexpected feedback consistently increased the Feedback Related Negativity (FRN) and, less consistently, decreased P3 amplitudes. Contextual relevance of the sender (e.g., human vs computer sender) or self-relatedness increased mid-latency to late ERPs. Interactions between valence and other factors were less often found, arising during mid-latency stages, where most consistent interactions showed larger EPN and P3 amplitude differences for valent feedback in a more relevant context. The ERP findings highlight that social evaluative feedback is consistently differentiated during mid-latency processing stages. The review discusses the relevance of findings, possible shortcomings of different experimental designs, and open questions. Furthermore, we suggest concrete venues for future research.
社会评价反馈向接收者传达了他人的观点，这些观点可能包含对人格特质和/或喜好程度的评价。这种社会评价反馈对人类尤为重要。事件相关电位（ERP）可以直接测量反馈效价、期望或上下文相关性在信息处理中的调节作用。这篇综述概述和系统化了研究以及早期、中期潜伏期和晚期 ERP 效应。早期效应在所有因素中均不一致。反馈效价效应在特定的中期潜伏期 ERP（奖励正波，RewP 和晚期正后负波，EPN）和晚期正波（P3 和晚期正电位，LPP）中更为一致。出乎意料的反馈一致增加了反馈相关负波（FRN），并且不太一致地降低了 P3 波幅。发送者的上下文相关性（例如，人类发送者与计算机发送者）或自我相关性增加了从中期潜伏期到晚期的 ERP。很少发现效价和其他因素之间的相互作用，这些相互作用主要出现在中期潜伏期阶段，在这些阶段，在更相关的情况下，正效价反馈的 EPN 和 P3 波幅差异更大。这些 ERP 发现强调了社会评价反馈在中期潜伏期处理阶段是一致区分的。综述讨论了发现的相关性、不同实验设计的可能缺陷以及悬而未决的问题。此外，我们还为未来的研究提供了具体的建议。
