Department of Communication / Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macau.
Department of Communication / Institute of Collaborative Innovation / Center for Research in Greater Bay Area, University of Macau, Macau.
Addict Behav. 2024 Jun;153:108002. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108002. Epub 2024 Feb 27.
Prior research indicates a direct, short-term effect of e-cigarette advertising on e-cigarette use among youth. This study seeks to investigate the long-term effects of e-cigarette advertisements and disparities in exposure among adolescents with different levels of internalizing problems.
Panel data of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Waves 3-5 (2015-2019) were analyzed. Youth aged 12-17 who were non-e-cigarette users at the time of Wave 3 were included (n = 4,678). A moderated mediation model was employed to examine the mediating role of perceived harm of e-cigarettes and the moderating effect of internalizing problems.
Exposure to e-cigarette advertisements in Wave 3 predicted lower harm perception of e-cigarette in Wave 4 (bp = -0.055, p <.01), leading to more e-cigarette use in Wave 5 (bp = -0.042, p <.001). While e-cigarette advertisements exhibited a lasting indirect effect (bp = 0.002, p <.05), there was no long-term direct effect (bp = 0.017, p >.05) on youth e-cigarette use. Furthermore, a moderating effect of internalizing problems was observed (bp = 0.107, p <.05).
E-cigarette advertisements can exert a lasting influence indirectly by diminishing harm perception, particularly among those with lower internalizing problems. Adolescents with higher internalizing problems exhibit lower susceptibility to advertisement influence, yet their perceived harm of e-cigarettes is notably lower than their peers with fewer internalizing problems. These disparities underscore the need for tailored prevention strategies: implementing anti-e-cigarette education programs for adolescents with low internalizing problems and providing mental health care for those facing internalizing challenges. Regulatory measures targeting e-cigarette advertising are also crucial.
先前的研究表明，电子烟广告会对青少年使用电子烟产生直接的短期影响。本研究旨在调查电子烟广告的长期影响，以及不同程度内化问题的青少年之间的广告暴露差异。
分析了人口评估烟草与健康（PATH）研究波 3-5 期（2015-2019 年）的面板数据。在波 3 时是非电子烟使用者的年龄在 12-17 岁的青少年被纳入研究（n=4678）。采用中介调节模型来检验电子烟感知危害的中介作用和内化问题的调节作用。
波 3 时的电子烟广告暴露预测波 4 时电子烟感知危害降低（bp=-0.055，p<.01），导致波 5 时电子烟使用增加（bp=-0.042，p<.001）。虽然电子烟广告表现出持续的间接效应（bp=0.002，p<.05），但对青少年电子烟使用没有长期直接效应（bp=0.017，p>.05）。此外，还观察到内化问题的调节作用（bp=0.107，p<.05）。
电子烟广告可以通过降低感知危害来产生持久的间接影响，尤其是在内化问题较低的青少年中。内化问题较高的青少年对广告的影响较低，但他们对电子烟的感知危害明显低于内化问题较少的同龄人。这些差异突显了制定针对性预防策略的必要性：为内化问题较低的青少年实施电子烟反教育计划，并为面临内化问题的青少年提供心理健康护理。针对电子烟广告的监管措施也是至关重要的。
