Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, USA; Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, USA.
Proaction Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CINEICC, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
Neuropsychologia. 2024 Jun 6;198:108841. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108841. Epub 2024 Feb 29.
Everyday interactions with common manipulable objects require the integration of conceptual knowledge about objects and actions with real-time sensory information about the position, orientation and volumetric structure of the grasp target. The ability to successfully interact with everyday objects involves analysis of visual form and shape, surface texture, material properties, conceptual attributes such as identity, function and typical context, and visuomotor processing supporting hand transport, grasp form, and object manipulation. Functionally separable brain regions across the dorsal and ventral visual pathways support the processing of these different object properties and, in cohort, are necessary for functional object use. Object-directed grasps display end-state-comfort: they anticipate in form and force the shape and material properties of the grasp target, and how the object will be manipulated after it is grasped. End-state-comfort is the default for everyday interactions with manipulable objects and implies integration of information across the ventral and dorsal visual pathways. We propose a model of how visuomotor and action representations in parietal cortex interact with object representations in ventral and lateral occipito-temporal cortex. One pathway, from the supramarginal gyrus to the middle and inferior temporal gyrus, supports the integration of action-related information, including hand and limb position (supramarginal gyrus) with conceptual attributes and an appreciation of the action goal (middle temporal gyrus). A second pathway, from posterior IPS to the fusiform gyrus and collateral sulcus supports the integration of grasp parameters (IPS) with the surface texture and material properties (e.g., weight distribution) of the grasp target. Reciprocal interactions among these regions are part of a broader network of regions that support everyday functional object interactions.
日常与常见可操纵物体的交互需要将关于物体和动作的概念知识与关于抓握目标的位置、方向和体积结构的实时感觉信息整合在一起。成功与日常物体交互的能力涉及到对视觉形式和形状、表面纹理、材料属性、概念属性（如身份、功能和典型上下文）以及支持手部运输、抓握形式和物体操作的视动处理的分析。背侧和腹侧视觉通路中的功能可分离脑区支持这些不同物体属性的处理，并且共同支持功能物体的使用。针对物体的抓握显示出终点舒适感：它们在形式上进行预测，并强制抓握目标的形状和材料属性，以及在抓握后将如何操作物体。终点舒适感是与可操纵物体进行日常交互的默认方式，并且意味着跨腹侧和背侧视觉通路的信息整合。我们提出了一种模型，说明顶叶皮层中的视动和动作表示如何与腹侧和外侧枕颞叶皮层中的物体表示相互作用。一条通路从缘上回延伸到中颞叶和下颞叶，支持与动作相关的信息的整合，包括手和肢体的位置（缘上回）与概念属性以及对动作目标的理解（中颞叶）。另一条通路从后顶内沟延伸到梭状回和 collateral sulcus，支持抓握参数（顶内沟）与抓握目标的表面纹理和材料属性（例如重量分布）的整合。这些区域之间的相互作用是支持日常功能性物体交互的更广泛区域网络的一部分。
