Department of Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
Ann Anat. 2024 Jun;254:152233. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152233. Epub 2024 Feb 29.
The sphenoid bone is an irregular, unpaired, symmetrical bone located in the middle of the anterior skull and is involved in craniofacial growth and development. Since the morphology of Sella turcica (ST) is associated with different craniofacial patterns, this study aimed to investigate if there is a correlation between ST morphology on the one hand and sagittal craniofacial patterns on the other hand.
This study was conducted with a convenience sample that included Brazilian individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment. Lateral cephalograms were used to evaluate the calcification pattern and morphology of ST, as well as skeletal class by analyzing the ANB angle. Pearson's chi-square test with Bonferroni post-hoc test was performed to evaluate the association between ST calcification pattern and morphology, and anteroposterior skeletal malocclusion. The established significance level was 0.05.
The study collective was comprised of 305 orthodontic patients (178 (58.4 %) female, 127 (41.6 %) male), who had a mean age of 23.2 (±10.6) years. 131 participants (42.9 %) presented skeletal class I, 142 (46.6%) skeletal Class II, and 32 (10.5%) had a skeletal class III. The degree of prognathism of the mandible showed a homogenous distribution within the study collective (91 (29.9 %) orthognathic, 100 (32.9 %) retrognathic, 113 (37.2 %) prognathic mandible). Concerning the maxilla, 92 (30.2%) individuals presented an orthognathic upper jaw, whereas 60 (19.7%) showed maxillary retrognathism and 153 (50.2%) maxillary prognathism. Compared to patients with skeletal class I, skeletal class III individuals presented significantly more hypertrophic posterior clinoid process (p<0.007) and pyramidal shape of the dorsum of the ST (p<0.038).
Our results suggest that the hypertrophic posterior clinoid process and pyramidal shape of the ST dorsum are more prevalent in individuals with skeletal class III malocclusion.
蝶骨是一种不规则的、不成对的、对称的骨，位于前颅底的中部，参与颅面的生长和发育。由于蝶鞍（ST）的形态与不同的颅面形态有关，因此本研究旨在探讨 ST 形态与矢状颅面形态之间是否存在相关性。
本研究采用便利样本，包括接受正畸治疗的巴西人。侧位头颅侧位片用于评估 ST 的钙化模式和形态，以及通过分析 ANB 角来评估骨骼分类。采用 Pearson 卡方检验和 Bonferroni 事后检验评估 ST 钙化模式和形态与前后向骨骼错合的关系。建立的显著性水平为 0.05。
研究人群由 305 名正畸患者组成（178 名女性，占 58.4%；127 名男性，占 41.6%），平均年龄为 23.2（±10.6）岁。131 名参与者（42.9%）表现为骨骼 I 类，142 名（46.6%）骨骼 II 类，32 名（10.5%）骨骼 III 类。下颌骨的前突程度在研究人群中呈均匀分布（91 名（29.9%）为正常，100 名（32.9%）为后缩，113 名（37.2%）为前突）。对于上颌骨，92 名（30.2%）患者表现为正常的上颌骨，60 名（19.7%）表现为上颌骨后缩，153 名（50.2%）表现为上颌骨前突。与骨骼 I 类患者相比，骨骼 III 类患者的后床突更肥大（p<0.007），蝶鞍背呈金字塔形（p<0.038）。
我们的结果表明，后床突肥大和蝶鞍背呈金字塔形在骨骼 III 类错合患者中更为常见。
